詹姆斯·奥康纳双重危机理论及其批判性思考  

Critical Reflections on James O’Connor’s Double Crises Theory

作　　者：寇美琪 Kou Meiqi(School of Marxism,Shandong Normal University)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2021年第2期61-71,共11页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“中国特色社会主义深化发展研究”(14AZD003);山东省社会科学规划重大项目“当代中国马克思主义新发展研究”(16ALJJ04)。

摘　　要：奥康纳在对马克思历史唯物主义进行阐释和重构的基础上,提出了资本主义双重危机理论。他同时运用马克思主义和社会学分析方法,在深入认识资本主义经济危机的基础上,建构了资本主义双重危机理论,既承继了传统马克思主义,又重构了历史唯物主义;分别研究了社会主义与生态学各自的特点,将生态社会主义作为解决生态问题的理想选择。奥康纳双重危机理论有一定的合理性,它试图运用历史唯物主义提升对生态环境的解释力,奥康纳提出生态社会主义理论,是对马克思主义理论的独特阐释,在理论目标和分析方法上与马克思主义具有一致性;但在理论建构上,存在对马克思主义本身的理解不够准确、系统和深入的缺陷。虽然双重危机理论分析的是资本主义社会出现的矛盾和危机,但是其理论价值对社会主义制度下的生态文明建设依然具有重要的意义。生态社会主义概念的引用对我国解决生态问题具有启示作用,并不是说要用生态学马克思主义对传统社会主义进行改造,而是强调在坚定社会主义道路、坚持社会主义制度的前提下,更加关注和重视生态问题,构建与自身发展利益相一致的生态文明理论。On the basis of the interpretation and reconstruction of Marx’s historical materialism,James O’ Connor put forward the double crises theory of capitalism. Meanwhile,with Marxism and sociological analysis method,the double crises theory of capitalism was constructed based on the in-depth understanding of the capitalist economic crises, which inherited traditional Marxism and reconstructed historical materialism. It studied the characteristics of socialism and ecology respectively,taking ecological socialism as the ideal choice to solve ecological problems. The theory of double crises,trying to enhance the explanatory power for ecological environment with historical materialism,is both reasonable and deficient in theoretical construction. Although O’Connor’s understanding of Marxism was not precise,systematic and comprehensive,the ecological socialism he proposed,a unique interpretation of Marxism,is consistent with Marxism in theoretical objectives and analytical methods. It is the contradictions and crises of capitalist society that the double crises theory is used to analyze,but the theory is also beneficial for the ecological civilization construction under the socialist system. Making critical reflections on the theory and utilizing the beneficial part are helpful for China’ s socialist ecological civilization construction in the new era. We hold that the introduction of the concept of ecological socialism is enlightening for us to solve the ecological problems. It is not to say we are to modify the traditional socialism with ecological Marxism. Instead,we emphasize that on the premise of adhering to the socialist system,it is essential to pay more attention to ecological problems and construct ecological civilization theory consistent with the development interests of China.

关 键 词：詹姆斯·奥康纳 历史唯物主义 经济危机 生态危机 生态社会主义 

分 类 号：X2[环境科学与工程—环境科学] A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]