2020年中国气候主要特征及主要天气气候事件  

Climatic Characteristics and Major Meteorological Events over China in 2020

作　　者：代潭龙 王秋玲 王国复[1] 陈峪[1] 赵珊珊[1] 翟建青[1] 邹旭恺[1] 姜允迪[1] 石帅 周兵[1] 崔童[1] 孙劭[1] 蔡雯悦[1] 朱晓金[1] 钟海玲[1] 郭艳君[1] 支蓉[1] 刘芸芸[1] 赵俊虎[1] 柳艳菊[1] 李多[1] DAI Tanlong;WANG Qiuling;WANG Guofu;CHEN Yu;ZHAO Shanshan;ZHAI Jianqing;ZOU Xukai;JIANG Yundi;SHI Shuai;ZHOU Bing;CUI Tong;SUN Shao;CAI Wenyue;ZHU Xiaojin;ZHONG Hailing;GUO Yanjun;ZHI Rong;LIU Yunyun;ZHAO Junhu;LIU Yanju;LI Duo(National Climate Centre,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]国家气候中心,北京100081

出　　处：《气象》2021年第4期478-487,共10页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFA0600301和2019YFC1510202);国家自然科学基金面上项目(42071024);国家自然科学基金项目(41701103)共同资助。

摘　　要：2020年,我国全年气候总体表现为暖湿特征。全国平均气温比常年偏高0.7℃,为1951年以来第八高,四季气温均偏高,冬春偏暖显著。全国平均降水量为694.8 mm,比常年偏多10.3%,春季降水偏少,冬、夏、秋三季均偏多。华南前汛期开始和结束均偏早,降水量偏少;西南雨季开始晚、结束早,降水量偏多;梅雨季入梅早、出梅晚,梅雨量偏多,梅雨持续时间和梅雨量均为1961年以来之最;华北雨季、东北雨季和华西秋雨开始和结束均偏晚,降水量偏多。2020年,登陆台风偏少,影响时段和地域集中,灾损偏轻。暴雨洪涝灾害偏重,其他气象灾害,如干旱、强对流、低温冷冻害和雪灾、沙尘暴影响均偏轻。The general feature of China’s climate in 2020 is warm and wet.The 2020 annual mean temperature over China was 0.7℃higher than normal,becoming the eighth warmest since 1951.The temperatures in all the four seasons were above normal,and much warmer in spring and winter.The annual mean precipitation over amount China was 694.8 mm with 10.3%more than normal.The seasonal precipitation in spring was below normal,but above normal in summer,autumn and winter.The pre-flood season in South China started and ended both earlier than normal with deficient precipitation.The rainy season in Southwest China started later but ended earlier than normal with more heavy precipitation.The Meiyu season started earlier but ended later than normal with more precipitation,resulting in the longest rainy period and the most precipitation amount since 1961.The rainy season in North China,the autumn rain in West China and the rainy season in Northeast China started and ended later than normal with more rainfall.In 2020,the landing typhoons were fewer than normal,feathering concentrated landing locations and periods of time,with lighter disaster losses.Rainstorm and floods occurred heavily,causing serious losses in China.The impacts of other disasters such as droughts,severe convection,cold freezing and snow disaster as well as sand-dust storms,were all mild relatively.

关 键 词：气温 降水 气候特征 气象灾害 

分 类 号：P461[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]