内质网应激在老年性黄斑病变中的作用  

The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Senile Macular Degeneration

作　　者：高云霞 张元元 GAO Yun-xia;ZHANG Yuan-yuan(Department of Pharmacy,Hebei North University,Zhangjiakou,075000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北北方学院药学系,中国张家口075000

出　　处：《神经药理学报》2020年第3期21-26,32,共7页Acta Neuropharmacologica

基　　金：河北北方学院校级教育教学改革研究项目(No.GJ2020334);2020大学生创新创业训练计划项目(No.S202010092010)。

摘　　要：21世纪起中国就逐步面临人口老龄化的严重问题,有数据报道2019年中国具有占比全国总人口数12.6%的65岁以上的老年人口,18.1%的60岁以上老年人口,使目前中国成为世界范围上人口老龄化速度最快的国家之一。伴随着全世界社会医疗水平的不断提升、人们观念的变化以及养育下一代成本的提高,致使全球人口的平均寿命得以延长以及对生育下一代的渴望指数进一步下降,这将会使全球进入老龄化社会的速度不断加快,也就使得老年性单眼黄斑病变有着一个相当庞大的可患病的人口基数。老年性黄斑病变(senile macular degeneration,SMD),又被称为年龄相关性黄斑病变(age-related macular degeneration,AMD),它是一种在50岁以上的中老年人群中发病率极高的并且随着患者年纪的增长而发病率渐渐升高的一种可导致患者看东西变形,直线看成波浪线,视野中央有暗点的不可逆性眼部疾病。患者发病时可能是双眼先后也可能在双眼同时出现症状,此病已逐渐成为造成我国乃至全球中老年人不可逆性的视力损伤或丧失的主要的患病原因。老年性黄斑病变的确切来源及病因尚不明确,有推测可能与各种遗传、环境变化因素、慢性光损伤、心血管疾病、代谢障碍等有关。在有核膜包被的细胞核的生物体中内质网是其一种必不可少的细胞器,当细胞受到打击后,会引起机体内环境稳态破坏,从而致使内质网功能紊乱导致内质网应激(endoplasmic reticulum stress,ERS)的发生。有研究结果显示,内质网应激与许多疾病的产生和发展有很大的相关性,该文主旨在于对内质网应激在老年性黄斑病变中的作用作一简要阐述。Since the 21st century,China has been facing a serious problem of population aging.It is reported that in 2019,12.6%of China’s total population will be aged over 65,and 18.1%will be aged over 60,making China one of the countries with the fastest aging population in the world.Along with the improving of the social medical level around the world,the change of the people’s ideas and the rising cost of raising the next generation,lead to the global population life expectancy extension and desire for the birth of the next generation of fall further,it will make the acceleration of global into an aging society,also makes the senile monocular macular degeneration with a fairly large can be diseased population.Senile macular degeneration,or,age-ralated macular degeneration is irreversible eye disease,and it has a extremely high incidence in the middle-aged and ages people over the age of 50 and with the growth of the age the incidence rate is increasing gradually,eventually it could lead to patients see things out of shape,see straight as wavy lines and black spots in the center of the field of vision.The onset of the disease may be in both eyes or in one eye at the same time.This disease has gradually become the main cause of irreversible visual impairment or loss of middle-aged and elderly people in China and even around the world.The exact origin and etiology of senile macular degeneration are not yet clear.It is speculated that senile macular degeneration may be related to various genetic and environmental factors,chronic light injury,cardiovascular diseases,metabolic disorders,etc.Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)is an essential organelle in organisms with nuclear membrane-covered nuclei.When cells are attacked,the homeostasis of the intracellular environment will be damaged,resulting in endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS).Some research results show that endoplasmic reticulum stress is closely related to the occurrence and development of many diseases.The purpose of this paper

关 键 词：老年性黄斑病变 内质网 内质网应激 

分 类 号：R774[医药卫生—眼科]