不同土壤条件下化学调控对小麦产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Chemical Regulation on Wheat Yield and Quality under Different Soil Conditions

作　　者：王玉娇 曹祺 常旭虹[1] 王德梅[1] 王艳杰[1] 杨玉双[1] 赵广才[1] 石书兵[2] Wang Yujiao;Cao Qi;Chang Xuhong;Wang Demei;Wang Yanjie;Yang Yushuang;Zhao Guangcai;Shi Shubing(Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;College of Agriculture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部作物生理生态重点试验室,北京100081 [2]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《作物杂志》2021年第2期96-100,共5页Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300407);小麦产业技术体系专项(CARS-03)。

摘　　要：为探究不同土壤条件与不同化控剂结合对小麦产量及品质的调控效应,通过盆栽方式,研究农麦5号在黑土(A1)和潮土(A2)条件下,在拔节初期喷施清水(B1)、矮壮素(B2)和吨田宝(B3)对其籽粒产量和品质的影响。结果表明,小麦株高、穗长、穗粒数、千粒重、籽粒产量和蛋白质产量在相同化控处理下均表现为A1>A2,其中潮土条件下籽粒产量和总蛋白质产量分别较黑土低56.0%和55.1%,小麦的总蛋白质及其组分含量均为A2>A1。小麦籽粒产量和穗粒数在黑土条件B2处理下达到最大值,株高和穗长在B3处理下达到最大值;在潮土条件下使用化学调控剂处理中,小麦籽粒总蛋白质含量显著高于B1处理,其中清蛋白、球蛋白和醇溶蛋白含量均表现为B2>B3>B1,且差异显著。因此,不同土壤条件配合使用适宜化控剂可以有效促进小麦优质高产,即在黑土条件下配合使用化学调控剂可以显著提升小麦产量;在潮土条件下配合使用化学调控剂可以显著提升小麦品质。To explore the regulation effects of the combination of different soil conditions and different chemical control agents on the yield and quality of wheat, the effects of spraying water(B1), chlormequat chloride(B2), and duntianbao(B3) at early jointing stage on grain yield and quality of Nongmai No.5 were studied in black soil(A1) and alluvial soil(A2) through potted planting. The results showed that under the same chemical control treatments, plant height, spike length, grain number per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, and protein yield showed A1>A2, and the grain yield and total protein yield under the conditions of fluvo-aquic soil were 56.0% and 55.1% lower than black soil. The contents of total protein and its components in wheat showed A2>A1. Under black soil conditions, the grain yield and number of grains per spike sprayed with chlormequat chloride reached the maximum, and the plant height and spike length sprayed by duntianbao reached the maximum. Under the conditions of alluvial soil, the total protein content of wheat grains treated with chemical control agents was significantly higher than that of the control group, among which the contents of albumin, globulin, and gliadin were B2>B3>B1, and the difference was significant. The combination of different soil types using corresponding chemical regulation is an effective way for high quality and high yield of wheat. Therefore, the combined use of chemical control agents under black soil conditions could significantly increase wheat yield and under the condition of alluvial soil, the combined use of chemical control agents could significantly improve wheat quality.

关 键 词：化学调控 小麦 土壤类型 农艺性状 蛋白质含量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]