个人利益与道德认知对学前儿童社会决策的影响  

Influence of Self-interest and Moral Cognition on Preschool Children’s Social Decision-making

作　　者：卞军凤 李亮[3] 李芊维[3] 燕良轼 Junfeng Bian;Liang Li;Qianwei Li;Liangshi Yan(School of Marxism of Changsha Science and Technology University,Hunan Social Governance Innovation Research Center,Changsha 410114 China;Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101 China;School of Education Science,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081 China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学马克思主义学院,湖南省社会治理创新研究中心,长沙410114 [2]中国科学院心理研究所,北京100101 [3]湖南师范大学教育科学学院,长沙410081

出　　处：《学前教育研究》2021年第5期40-47,共8页Studies in Early Childhood Education

基　　金：湖南省社会科学成果评审委员会一般项目“新时代青少年互信促进研究”(编号:XSP20YBC034)。

摘　　要：个人利益与道德认知是影响儿童社会决策的重要因素。本研究从12所幼儿园随机选取179名4~6岁学前儿童作为被试,随机分配到四种实验情境,结果发现当只需要考虑个人利益时,儿童倾向于选择"好人"提供的较多物质利益;当只需要考虑道德因素时,儿童倾向于选择中性人物提供的较多物质利益;当个人利益与道德认知发生冲突,且个人利益是主要影响因素时,儿童倾向于选择中性人物提供的较多物质利益,而非"好人"提供的较少物质利益;当个人利益与道德认知发生冲突,且道德认知是主要影响因素时,儿童倾向于选择中性人物提供的较少物质利益,而非"坏人"提供的较多物质利益。决策反应时间表明,随着个人利益与道德认知冲突程度的加剧,儿童的决策时间增加。儿童在决定是否接受"坏人"提供的较多物质利益时会产生强烈的内心冲突,所以决策时间最长。儿童在社会决策时既会考虑个人利益又会考虑他人的社会行为,相比对"好人"的单纯偏好,其对"坏人"形象及消极社会行为的认知加工更加复杂。In order to explore the influence of personal interest and moral cognition on preschool children’s social decision-making,the study selected 179 children aged 4-6 years and divided them into four experimental situations randomly.The results showed that when only self-interest was considered,children tended to select the offering of a do-gooder over a neutral individual for more material benefits.When only moral factor was considered,children tended to select the offering of a neutral individual over a wrongdoer for more material benefits.When faced with the conflict between self-interest and moral cognition and moral cognition was not prominent,children tended to select the offering of a neutral individual over a do-gooder for more material benefits.When faced with the conflict between self-interest and moral cognition and moral cognition was prominent,children tended to select the offering of a neutral individual over a wrongdoer for less material benefits.As the conflict between self-interest and moral cognition intensified,children’s response times increased gradually.When moral cognition was prominent,children’s average response time was the longest.Compared with their pure preference for the image of a do-gooder,children’s cognitive processing of the image of a wrongdoer and negative social behavior is more complex.

关 键 词：个人利益 道德认知 社会决策 

分 类 号：G619.2[文化科学—学前教育学]