自身免疫性肝病的发病机制及诊疗进展  

Pathogenesis and Diagnosis and Treatment of Autoimmune Liver Diseases

作　　者：李尧[1] 徐晓欧 LI Yao;XU Xiaoou(Department of Infection,Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University,Shenyang 110004,China;Department of Emergency,Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University,Shenyang 110004,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医科大学附属盛京医院感染科,沈阳110004 [2]中国医科大学附属盛京医院急诊科,沈阳110004

出　　处：《医学综述》2021年第9期1707-1711,共5页Medical Recapitulate

摘　　要：自身免疫性肝病(AILD)是自身免疫系统异常导致的一类肝脏疾病。AILD的发病与遗传、环境因素以及免疫反应相关,但具体发病机制目前尚未完全阐明。AILD起病隐匿,发病特征亦不明显,临床表现与其他常见肝脏疾病相近。AILD患者多有肝功能受损、炎症反应等表现,同时也可合并其他系统的自身免疫性疾病。AILD的诊断多属于排除性诊断,血清检测可发现自身抗体,但特异性相对较低,穿刺活检是诊断金标准,但属于有创操作,往往存在一定风险。近年来开发出较多治疗AILD的免疫抑制药物,并取得了一定的治疗效果,未来自身免疫性肝病的诊疗应是多元化、多学科的综合。Autoimmune liver disease(AILD)is a type of liver disease caused by abnormalities of the autoimmune system.The pathogenesis of AILD is related to genetics,environmental factors and immune response,but the specific pathogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated.AILD has an insidious onset and the characteristics are not obvious as its clinical manifestations are similar to other common liver diseases.AILD patients are mostly manifested with liver dysfunction,inflammation and combined with other systemic autoimmune diseases.AILD diagnosis methods are mostly exclusion diagnoses:while serum testing can detect autoantibodies but the specificity is relatively low;the needle biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis,but the operation is an invasive operation,and there are certain risks.In recent years,many immunosuppressive drugs for the treatment of AILD have also been developed,which have achieved certain therapeutic effect.It can be foreseen that in the future,the treatment of autoimmune liver disease will be diversified and multidisciplinary.

关 键 词：自身免疫性肝病 自身免疫性肝炎 原发性胆汁性胆管炎 原发性硬化性胆管炎 

分 类 号：R575.5[医药卫生—消化系统]