广东省冬种马铃薯农药使用现状调查及减量对策  

Present Situation Investigation and Decrement Countermeasures of Pesticide Usage in Potato Planted in Winter in Guangdong Province

作　　者：李成晨 杨东升 索海翠[1] 安康[1] 刘计涛 罗焕明[1] 李小波[1] LI Chengchen;YANG Dongsheng;SUO Haicui;AN Kang;LIU Jitao;LUO Huanming;LI Xiaobo(Crops Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China;Shenzhen Noposion International Investment Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen 518100,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院作物研究所,广东省农作物遗传改良重点实验室,广东广州510640 [2]深圳诺普信农化股份有限公司,广东深圳518100

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2021年第5期85-93,共9页China Vegetables

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD020080902);广东省科技计划项目(2017B020201005,2017B020232002);广东省甘薯马铃薯产业技术体系创新团队项目(2019KJ111);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B0202010005-5)。

摘　　要：通过问卷调查形式对广东省冬种马铃薯主要种植区的病虫草害发生情况及农药使用状况进行了调查分析。结果显示,广东省冬种马铃薯施药方式落后,种植期间发生的地下虫害有蛴螬、地老虎,地上虫害为蚜虫、马铃薯块茎蛾、二十八星瓢虫,病害为黑胫病、早疫病、晚疫病、黑痣病、青枯病和疮痂病等。防治过程中普遍使用的农药有32种,按照农药用途分类,68.75%为杀菌剂,其中防治晚疫病的杀菌剂占13类杀菌剂有效成分总数的68.57%。根据推荐用量标准,防治蚜虫、黑胫病、早疫病和晚疫病均存在过量使用农药的现象,全省平均农药使用次数为10次,个别农户使用次数高达22次,超过当季建议用药次数的农药有10种。广东省冬种马铃薯存在农药使用过量问题,建议农户结合预警监测和农药减量防治策略,科学提高防效,合理使用农药,切勿盲目增施农药。This paper investigated the occurrence of diseases,pests and weeds in the major potato winter planting areas of Guangdong Province,and analyzed the use state of pesticides by questionnaire survey.The results indicated that the pesticide application method of potato planted in winter in Guangdong was backward.During cultivation period,pests occurred underground included grub and cutworm,that occurred overground were aphids,potato tuber moths and twenty-eight star ladybugs,and the main diseases were black leg,early blight,late blight,black scurf,bacterial wilt and common scab.There were 32 kinds of pesticides commonly used during prevention and control process,but fungicides were 68.75%by according to the classification of pesticide use,and the effective ingredients of fungicides for late blight accounted for 68.57%among the total number of effective ingredients of 13 fungicides.According to the recommended dosage standards,the pesticide usage for controlling aphids,black leg,early blight and late blight were all overcommitted.The average number of use in Guangdong Province was 10 times,and that by the individual households was high up to 22 times.There were 10 kinds of pesticides usage exceeded the recommended number of times in season.The issue of excessive use of pesticides on potato planted in winter truly existed in Guangdong Province.It is suggested that farmer households should implement the measure of combing early warning and monitoring with dosage decrement control method,so as to scientifically improve the control effect,use pesticides rationally and do not blindly increase amount of pesticides.

关 键 词：马铃薯 病虫草害 农药 过量 

分 类 号：S435.32[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S451[农业科学—植物保护]