马铃薯氮素营养特性及氮肥管理  

Nitrogen Nutrition Characteristics and Nitrogen FertilizerManagement of Potato

作　　者：于静[1] 陈杨 樊明寿[1] YU Jing;CHEN Yang;FAN Mingshou(College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010019,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《中国马铃薯》2021年第2期183-190,共8页Chinese Potato Journal

基　　金：内蒙古自治区成果转化项目(2019CG030);国家自然科学基金(31960637);内蒙古自然科学基金(2019BS03021)。

摘　　要：中国马铃薯生产中氮肥的施用量较大,然而氮肥利用率却相对较低。为进一步认识马铃薯氮肥利用率的提升潜力,研究制定合理的马铃薯氮肥减施增效技术措施,从马铃薯氮素营养需求、氮素形态对马铃薯发育的调控等方面系统总结了马铃薯氮素营养规律,同时分析了马铃薯根系构型特点,薯田氮素淋洗损失,并藉此提出了马铃薯氮肥管理原则:分期调控、前轻后重、形态搭配、实时监测、水肥协调。另外,为高效回收马铃薯季残留于土壤的氮素,深根系应是马铃薯轮作体系后茬作物的特征之一.Nitrogen(N)fertilizer are most used presently in potato production,however,N use efficiency is relatively lower.In order to understand the potential of improving potato N use efficiency,and to formulate reasonable technical measures of reducing nitrogen fertilizer input in potato production in China,the research progress in potato N nutrition was summarized from the aspects of potato N demand,N absorption and regulation of N form on potato development.In addition,the research progress in potato root architecture and potato field N leaching were summarized as well in the review.Finally,special principles for potato nitrogen fertilizer management were proposed,which are staged regulation,light application in early stage and heavy application in late stage,proper combination of NH4-N and NO3-N,real time N monitoring,and coupling water with nitrogen.For making up the lower efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer utilization in potato season,the root characteristics of succeeding crops in potato rotation system should be considered as well.

关 键 词：马铃薯 根系 氮素淋洗 氮肥管理 肥料利用率 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]