医学生健康危害行为的潜在类别及其与抑郁症状的关联  

Latent classes of health risk behaviors in medical students and depressive symptoms

作　　者：杨娅娟[1] 徐洪吕 王颖[1] 谢阳 邹立巍 李婷婷[2] 陶舒曼 伍晓艳[2] YANG Yajuan;XU Honglyu;WANG Ying;XIE Yang;ZOU Liwei;LI Tingting;TAO Shuman;WU Xiaoyan(School of Nursing,Anhui Medical University,Hefei(230601),China;不详)

机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学护理学院,合肥230601 [2]安徽医科大学公共卫生学院 [3]安徽医科大学第二附属医院肾脏内科

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2021年第4期583-586,592,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81773455,81803257);安徽省教育厅2019年度弘扬社会主义核心价值观名师工作室(sztsjh2019-2-13);安徽医科大学博士科研资助基金(XJ201824)。

摘　　要：目的识别医学生多种健康危害行为的潜在类别,并进一步分析不同潜类别与抑郁症状的关联。方法采用方便抽样的原则,于2018年10月在安徽医科大学整群抽取2014名医学生开展横断面调查。使用自编手机问卷,调查内容包括一般人口学资料、健康危害行为评价以及抑郁症状。采用潜在类别分析方法分析吸烟、饮酒、自杀、睡眠障碍、手机依赖、缺乏运动等6种健康危害行为潜在类别,采用Logistic回归方法进一步分析不同类别与抑郁症状的关联。结果医学生健康危害行为分为物质依赖组(8.4%)、手机依赖组(22.4%)和低危风险组(69.2%)3个潜在类别。不同性别、专业、年级、是否为独生子女、父亲文化程度、每月生活费、学习成绩及朋友个数之间医学生健康危害行为分布差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为99.37,19.07,12.05,6.64,14.28,19.35,20.61,26.39,P值均<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,调整性别、专业、年级、独生子女及父亲文化程度、每月生活费、学习成绩以及朋友个数后,手机依赖组与抑郁症状呈正相关(β=1.75,P<0.01)。结论医学生健康危害行为呈现类别分布,各潜类别健康危害行为与抑郁症状关联不同。提示学校卫生工作者在今后的教育活动中应针对医学生不同类别的健康危害行为制定个体化干预方案,进行分层干预,缓解抑郁症状,促进学生心理健康。Objective To identify the latent classes of various health risk behaviors among medical students and further analyze the correlation between different classes and depression.Methods Using the method of convenient sampling,2014 medical students were selected from Anhui Medical University in October 2018.Self-designed online questionnaire were used to collect demographic data,health risk behavior(including smoking,drinking,suicide,sleep disorders,mobile phone dependence and lack of exercise)and depressive symptoms.Latent Class Analysis was used to cluster individuals.Logistic regression was provided to further analyze the association between health risk behaviors and depressive symptoms for the groups.Results The health hazard behaviors of medical students could be divided into three separate classes:substance dependence group(8.4%),mobile phone dependence group(22.4%)and low-risk group(69.2%).The distribution of health risk behaviors of medical students with different gender,major,grade,only child,father’s educational level,monthly living expenses,academic achievement and number of friends were statistically significant(χ^(2)=99.37,19.07,12.05,6.64,14.28,19.35,20.61,26.39,P<0.05).The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for gender,major,grade,only child,father’s educational level,monthly living expenses,academic achievement and number of friends,the mobile phone dependence group was positively correlated with depressive symptoms(β=1.75,P<0.01).Conclusion Different ratent classes of health risk behaviors have different correlation with depressive symptoms in groups.It is suggested that school health workers should make individualized intervention plan for different types of health hazard behavior of medical students in the future educational activities,carry out stratified intervention,alleviate the symptoms of depression and promote the mental health of medical students.

关 键 词：精神卫生 危险行为 抑郁 回归分析 学生 

分 类 号：G647.8[文化科学—高等教育学] G444[文化科学—教育学]