溯源辨析“活化分子”概念在化学教材中的角色定位  

Historical Analysis on the Role of the Concept of Activated Molecules in Chemical Textbooks

作　　者：郑超 ZHENG Chao(College of Material Science and Engineering.Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学材料科学与工程学院,重庆400074

出　　处：《化学教育（中英文）》2021年第8期99-104,共6页Chinese Journal of Chemical Education

基　　金：重庆市高等教育教学改革研究项目(202017S);重庆市科委项目(cstc2018jcyjAX0642);重庆市教委项目(KJQN201800728);重庆交通大学教育教学改革项目(2003041)。

摘　　要："活化分子"作为国内化学教育领域广为人知的科学概念,在各类相关化学教材中都有介绍。然而在国外多种经典化学教材中却完全没有"活化分子"的概念,反映出国内外化学教育领域对化学反应速率理论相关知识点的处理上存在明显的差异与分歧。通过溯源关键历史文献,回顾了"活化分子"概念的形成及其在化学反应速率理论发展过程中的角色演变,指出"活化分子"概念已经退出反应速率理论的舞台,在教材中应更多地呈现其在科学史方面的价值,而不是科学价值。"Activated molecule"is introduced in various related Chinese chemistry textbooks as a well-known scientific concept.While there is no such a concept in some classic foreign chemistry textbooks,which reveals difference and divergence in treatments of related concept in chemical reaction rate theory between the fields of chemical education at home and abroad.In this work,the concept of"activated molecule"is overviewed by reviewing key historic articles including its formation as well as the evolution during the development of chemical reaction rate theory.It points out that the concept of"activated molecule"has stepped down from the stage of chemical reaction rate theory.Therefore,the concept of"activated molecule"exhibits only historical value instead of scientific value in textbooks.

关 键 词：活化分子 活化能 阿伦尼乌斯公式 化学史 碰撞理论 

分 类 号：O643.11-4[理学—物理化学] G423.3[理学—化学]