行距和播种量对冬小麦冠层光合有效辐射垂直分布、生物量和籽粒产量的影响  

Effects of row spacing and sowing rate on vertical distribution of photosynthetically active radiation,biomass,and grain yield in winter wheat canopy

作　　者：熊淑萍[1,2] 曹文博 张志勇 张捷[1,2] 高明 樊泽华[1,2] 沈帅杰 王小纯 马新明 XIONG Shu-ping;CAO Wen-bo;ZHANG Zhi-yong;ZHANG Jie;GAO Ming;FAN Ze-hua;SHEN Shuai-jie;WANG Xiao-chun;MA Xin-ming(College of Agronomy,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science,Zhengzhou 450046,China;College of Life Science,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院,郑州450046 [2]省部共建小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室,郑州450046 [3]河南农业大学生命科学学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2021年第4期1298-1306,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：河南省小麦产业技术体系项目(S2010-01-G04);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(21A210015);国家重点研发计划子课题(2016YFD0300205)资助。

摘　　要：为明确行距和播种量对冬小麦冠层光合有效辐射(PAR)垂直分布、生物量和籽粒产量的影响,在不增加水肥等投入的基础上,设置等行距(R_(1),20 cm+20 cm)、宽窄行(R_(2),12 cm+12 cm+12 cm+24 cm)两种行距方式和低(D_(1),120 kg·hm^(-2))、中(D_(2),157.5 kg·hm^(-2))、高(D_(3),195 kg·hm^(-2))3个播种量水平,分析不同处理组合下冬小麦主要生育时期冠层PAR的截获率及利用率、群体光合能力、生物量和产量差异。结果表明:冬小麦冠层总PAR截获率、上层PAR截获率均表现为R_(1)行距显著大于R_(2),而中层和下层PAR截获率则表现为R_(2)大于R_(1),且在中层差异显著;从小麦开花至成熟期,相同播种量下R_(2)行距光合势(LAD)、群体光合速率(CAP)、PAR转化率和利用率都显著高于R_(1),并以R_(2)D_(2)处理最大;冬小麦的群体生物量(BA)和不同层次叶片生物量(BL)均表现为随播种量增加而增加,但单株生物量(BP)则相反。在同一播种量下,BA、BL和BP均在开花期之后表现为R_(2)行距高于R_(1),其中,BA、BP在成熟期行距间差异显著,中层和下层BL在D_(2)、D_(3)播种量下行距间差异显著;不同处理组合间冬小麦的穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、籽粒产量分别以R_(2)D_(3)、R_(2)D_(1)、R_(2)D_(1)、R_(2)D_(2)最大,其中,R_(2)行距下千粒重、穗粒数和籽粒产量显著大于R_(1)。综上,改变行距可以改善小麦冠层中下层PAR的截获量,增强冬小麦单株和群体光合能力、光合有效辐射的利用及转化效率,提高生物量和籽粒产量。在冬小麦高产栽培中,应重视通过优化田间结构,塑造麦田理想的群体光合结构,以充分利用单位土地面积上光照资源,挖掘作物自身的光合生产潜力,达到高产高效的目的。在本试验条件下,以R_(2)D_(2)配置群体光合能力、光合有效辐射利用率和产量最佳。To clarify the effects of row spacing and sowing rate on the vertical distribution of canopy PAR,biomass,and grain yield in winter wheat,a field experiment was conducted without increa-sing water and fertilizer input.There were two row spacing modes,R_(1)(equal spacing,20 cm+20 cm)and R_(2)(wide and narrow row spacing,12 cm+12 cm+12 cm+24 cm),and three sowing rates,D_(1)(low,120 kg·hm^(-2)),D_(2)(medium,157.5 kg·hm^(-2)),D_(3)(high,195 kg·hm^(-2)).The canopy photosynthetically active radiation(PAR)interception and utilization rate in different heights,population photosynthetic capacity,biomass,and grain yield were measured during the main growth stages of winter wheat.The results showed that both total PAR interception and upper layer PAR interception of winter wheat canopy under R_(1)treatment were significantly higher than those in R_(2)treatment,but those of the middle layer and lower layer were higher in R_(2)than in R_(1),and with significant difference in the middle layer.From flowering to maturity,the photosynthetic potential(LAD),population photosynthetic rate(CAP),PAR conversion rate,and utilization rate in R_(2)were all significantly higher than those in R_(1)under the same sowing rate,with the highest value under R_(2)D_(2)treatment.With the increasing sowing rate,the population biomass(BA)and leaf biomass(BL)at different layers increased,but the individual biomass(BP)showed an opposite trend.Under the same sowing rate,BA,BL and BP in R_(2)were higher than that in R_(1)after the flowering stage.Among them,BA and BP had significant difference in row spacing treatments at the maturity stage,with significant difference between the two row spacing treatments being observed in BL of the middle and lower layers under D_(2)and D_(3)sowing rates.The spike number,grain number per spike,1000-kernel weight,and grain yield of winter wheat among different treatments were the highest in R_(2)D_(3),R_(2)D_(1),R_(2)D_(1),and R_(2)D_(2),respectively.The 1000-kernel weight,grain number per spike and grain yield in R_

关 键 词：冬小麦 行距 PAR 垂直分布 光能利用 生物量 产量 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]