Peltier效应:从线性到非线性  

Peltier effect:From linear to nonlinear

作　　者：杨振 朱璨 柯亚娇 何雄[1,3] 罗丰 王剑 王嘉赋[2] 孙志刚[1] Yang Zhen;Zhu Can;Ke Ya-Jiao;He Xiong;Luo Feng;Wang Jian;Wang Jia-Fu;Sun Zhi-Gang(State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China;College of Science,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China;Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学材料复合新技术国家重点实验室,武汉430070 [2]武汉理工大学理学院,武汉430070 [3]华中科技大学国家脉冲强磁场科学中心(筹),武汉430074

出　　处：《物理学报》2021年第10期313-330,共18页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(批准号:2018YFE0111500);国家自然科学基金(批准号:11574243,11834012)资助的课题.

摘　　要：热电制冷技术是一种环保型的制冷技术,具有广阔的应用前景.其中Peltier效应在热电制冷过程中具有核心作用,但是由于Peltier系数很难测量,在实际应用过程中通常是首先得到Seebeck系数,然后利用Kelvin第二关系式间接得到Peltier系数.需要注意的是,Kelvin第二关系式是在线性条件下(Ohm定律、Fourier定律等)得到的,而在实际过程中非线性的电流-电压关系(肖特基结、pn结等)和热输运关系却是大量存在的.在纳米尺度,量子效应将起到主导作用,此时Peltier效应应该考虑非线性的影响,Kelvin第二关系式的适用性也应该重新考虑.本文综述了采用不同方法对Peltier系数和Kelvin第二关系式的理论推导,讨论了推导过程中利用的假设条件;概述了Peltier系数实验测定的几种方法,讨论了各种附加效应对Peltier系数测定的影响;并介绍了非线性Peltier效应的理论工作.最后本文讨论了在非线性条件下Peltier效应的研究策略和可行方向.Thermoelectric refrigeration technology is an environment-friendly refrigeration technology with broad application prospects.The Peltier effect plays a central role in the thermoelectric refrigeration process,however,the Peltier coefficient is difficult to measure.So in the actual application process,first,the Seebeck coefficient is usually obtained,and then the Peltier coefficient is achieved by the Kelvin's second relation indirectly.It should be noted that the Kelvin's second relation is obtained under linear conditions(Ohm's law,Fourier's law,etc.),while in practice,nonlinear current-voltage relationships(Schottky junction,pn junction,etc.)and nonlinear heat transport relations are common.And quantum effect plays a leading role in the nano-scaled region,then the Peltier effect must consider the influence of nonlinearity,and the applicability of the Kelvin's second relation must also be reconsidered.This paper first summarizes the theoretical derivation of Peltier coefficient and the Kelvin’s second relation by different methods,then discusses the hypothetical conditions used in the derivation process,and points out that the Kelvin’s second relation can be established only under the hypothetical linear conditions.Then,several experimental methods of determining the Peltier coefficient are summarized.It is found that there are still many problems encountered in the measurement of Peltier coefficient,and the Kelvin’s second relation has not been proved accurately by practical experiments.Various side effects(Fourier effect,Thomson effect,Joule effect and Seebeck effect)in the measurement process affect the temperature distribution of the system directly or indirectly,making it difficult to measure Peltier heat.After that,the theoretical work of nonlinear Peltier effect is briefly introduced.In the process of thermal transport and electrical transport on a microscopic scale,quantum effect plays a leading role,and the nonlinear part of the Peltier coefficient gradually emerges.These studies show the cognitio

关 键 词：非线性 Peltier 效应 KELVIN 第二关系式 热电制冷 

分 类 号：O469[理学—凝聚态物理]