墨兰精油提取工艺优化及成分分析  

Optimization of Extraction Process and Composition Analysis of Essential Oil from Cymbidium sinense

作　　者：邓乾坤 王斌[1] 史学伟[1] 朱根发 杨凤玺 高洁 DENG Qiankun;WANG Bin;SHI Xuewei;ZHU Genfa;YANG fengxi;GAO Jie(School of Food Science and Technology,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,China;Environmental Horticulture Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学食品学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]广东省农业科学院环境园艺研究所/广东省园林花卉种质创新综合利用实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2021年第4期131-139,共9页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1000400)。

摘　　要：【目的】以墨兰‘迎春素’作为原料制作墨兰精油,优化提取工艺以提高墨兰精油得率,并分析精油成分。【方法】通过单因素试验和正交试验优化墨兰精油的提取条件,研究不同有机溶剂、料液比、超声提取时间和超声提取温度对墨兰精油得率的影响;并采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术对精油化学组分进行分析。【结果】乙醇提取的墨兰精油颜色透亮,墨兰的特征香味浓郁,风味佳;最佳提取条件为:以95%乙醇作为萃取剂,料液比1∶9(g/mL),超声提取温度45℃,超声提取时间35 min,在此条件下墨兰精油得率为2.96%。提取的‘迎春素’墨兰精油中共检测出醛类、醇类、芳香族类、酮类、烷烃类、烯烃类、羧酸类、酯类、其他类等9大类78种化合物,其中含量较高的化学成分有棕榈酸(17.37%)、壬醛(10.57%)、正十五烷酸(8.69%)、二十四烷(4.65%)、合金欢醇(4.03%)等。【结论】采用乙醇提取获得的墨兰精油品质较好,通过优化超声波辅助萃取法中的工艺条件料液比、超声提取时间和超声提取温度可提高墨兰精油得率。墨兰‘迎春素’精油主要成分为棕榈酸、壬醛、正十五烷酸、二十四烷和合金欢醇等物质。【Objective】The variety‘Yingchunsu’was used as raw material to prepare the essential oil of Cymbidium sinense,and the extraction process was optimized to improve the yield of the essential oil.Then the composition of the essential oil was analyzed.【Method】The extraction conditions of C.sinense essential oil were optimized by single factor and orthogonal tests,the effects of different organic solvents,solid-liquid ratios,ultrasonic extraction time and ultrasonic extraction temperature on the yield of C.sinense were studied,and the chemical components of the essential oil were analyzed by headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).【Result】The essential oil extracted from C.sinense by ethanol was bright in color,rich in flavor and good in taste.The optimum extraction conditions of C.sinense essential oil were as follows:with 95%ethanol as extractant,solid-liquid ratio of 1∶9(g/mL),ultrasonic extraction time of 40 min,and ultrasonic extraction temperature of 50℃.Under these conditions,the yield of essential oil could reach 2.96%.A total of 78 compounds including aldehydes,alcohols,aromatic compounds,ketones,alkanes,olefins,carboxylic acids,esters and other compounds were detected in the extracted essential oil.The chemical components with high content were palmitic acid(17.37%),nonaldehyde(10.57%),n-pentadecanoic acid(8.69%),tetracosane(4.65%),alloy alcohol(4.03%)and etc.【Conclusion】The quality of C.sinense'Yinchunsu'essential oil obtained by ethanol was better.By optimizing the solid-liquid ratio,the ultrasonic extraction time and the ultrasonic extraction temperature,the yield of C.sinense essential oil could be increased.The main components of essential oil were palmitic acid,nonaldehyde,n-pentadecanoic acid,tetracosane and alloy alcohol.

关 键 词：有机溶剂 墨兰 精油 超声波辅助萃取 GC-MS 

分 类 号：S682.31[农业科学—观赏园艺]