广州市青少年视力不良、体质指数和膳食模式的调查研究  

Investigation of poor eyesight,body mass index and dietary pattern of adolescents in Guangzhou City

作　　者：丁艺新 苏立杰 周泉 曾钰鹏 丁静华 李瑶璐 陈骁熠 DING Yi-xin;SU Li-jie;ZHOU Quan;ZENG Yu-peng;DING Jing-hua;LI Yao-lu;CHEN Xiao-yi(School of Public Health,Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou 511436,China)

机构地区：[1]广州医科大学公共卫生学院,广东广州511436

出　　处：《中国校医》2021年第4期241-243,247,共4页Chinese Journal of School Doctor

基　　金：广州市青少年科技教育项目(2018-249);广东省自然科学基金项目(2016A030313597)。

摘　　要：目的了解广州市青少年视力不良、体质指数(Body Mass Index,BMI)和膳食模式的现状并探讨其影响因素,为维护青少年的健康成长提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样,抽取广州市1240名青少年作为问卷调查研究对象,收集相关信息,通过SPSS软件进行统计分析。结果青少年总体消瘦率、超重率、肥胖率、视力不良率分别是14.7%、8.7%、3.4%、61.5%;男性青少年的消瘦率、超重率和肥胖率分别为15.5%、12.4%、4.5%,均高于女性的13.9%、4.6%、2.1%(χ^(2)=32.37,P<0.05);农村青少年的消瘦率和肥胖率分别为25.6%、4.9%,均高于城市的13.0%、3.2%(χ^(2)=20.03,P<0.05);因子分析共提取了高糖高脂型、均衡型、高蛋白质型3种膳食模式。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄小、男性、农村是视力不良的保护因素。结论广州青少年的总体营养状况、视力状况及膳食状况较好,但仍存在消瘦率偏高,视力不良率较高、膳食不合理的问题。ObjectiveTo understand the status quo of the visual impairment,body mass index(BMI),and dietary pattern of adolescents in Guangzhou City,and explore the influencing factors,so as to provide the scientific evidence for maintaining healthy growth of adolescents.MethodsA total of 1240 adolescents in Guangzhou City were selected by the multi-stage cluster random sampling method,and surveyed by questionnaires to collect the related information,and the results were statistically analyzed by the SPSS software.ResultsThe overall emaciation rate,overweight rate,obesity rate,and visual impairment rate of adolescents were 14.7%,8.7%,3.4%and 61.5%respectively.The emaciation rate,overweight rate,and obesity rate of the male adolescents were higher than those of the female adolescents(P<0.05).The emaciation rate and obesity rate of the rural youth were higher than those of the urban ones,while the overweight rate of the rural youth was lower than that of the urban ones(P<0.05).The rate of visual impairment increased with the age(P<0.05).The rate of visual impairment of the female students was higher than that of the male students(P<0.05).The rate of impaired vision in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas(P<0.05).Three dietary patterns with the high sugar and fat content,balanced diet,and high protein content were extracted by the factor analysis.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that young age,male and rural areas were protective factors of poor vision.Conclusion status,vision status and dietary status of Guangzhou teenagers are good,but there are still some problems,such as high emaciation rate,poor vision rate over 60%,and unreasonable diet.

关 键 词：青少年保健服务 视力不良 人体质量指数 饮食行为 

分 类 号：G479[文化科学—教育学] R153.2[文化科学—教育技术学]