墨西哥柏木叶精油含量及组成的季节性变化规律  

Study on the seasonal variation law of the essential oil content and composition of Cupressus lusitanice

作　　者：王侨 朱凯[1] WANG Qiao;ZHU Kai(College of Chemical Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学化学工程学院,南京210037

出　　处：《林业工程学报》2021年第3期88-92,共5页Journal of Forestry Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0600405)。

摘　　要：选择6种不同化学类型的墨西哥柏木植株,水蒸气蒸馏法对奇数月的柏木鲜叶进行精油提取,采用气质联用仪鉴定精油的化学成分,比较不同化学类型精油得率和成分的变化,研究墨西哥柏木精油含量及组成随季节变化的规律。结果表明:柠檬型精油11月得率最高(0.57%),(+)-柠檬烯质量分数为38.16%;石竹烯型精油11月得率为次高(0.43%),其中β-石竹烯质量分数为22.48%;蒎烯型精油9月得率最高(0.42%),(+)-α-蒎烯质量分数为33.68%;依兰型精油11月精油得率和cis-依兰油-二烯质量分数均最高,分别为0.51%和30.28%;桧烯型精油11月得率最高(0.22%),桧烯的质量分数为31.61%;香紫苏型精油最高得率在11月为0.27%,香紫苏醇的质量分数为15.56%。研究表明,秋冬季节是精油储备和成分累积的主要时间段,柠檬型、石竹烯型、依兰型、桧烯型、香紫苏型11月份更适宜采收,蒎烯型在9月适宜采收。确定了墨西哥柏木在不同月份的精油含量和成分变化规律,为墨西哥柏木精油高效利用与开发提供科学依据。Cupressus lusitanice essential oil is an important natural perfume,which has a soft aucklandia smell and implies a light sandalwood smell.It is mainly used in cosmetics and soap essence.C.lusitanice has strong tolerance to arid and barren soil,possesses outstanding adaptability to difficult afforestation areas,and owns strong resistance to diseases and insects.Six different chemical types of C.lusitanice were selected and essential oil was extracted from fresh leaves of cypress that were picked in odd months.Steam distillation was used to extract cypress essential oil.The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the composition of the resulting essential oil,and the changes of the content and composition of C.lusitanice essential oil with the seasons were studied.The yield and composition changes of essential oils of different chemical types were compared,and the seasonal changes in the content and composition of the essential oil of C.lusitanice were investigated.The results showed that the highest yield of lemon-based essential oil in November was 0.57%,and the highest mass fraction of(+)-limonene in that month was 38.16%.The second highest yield of caryophyllic essential oil in November was 0.43%,and the mass fraction of theβ-caryophyllen was 22.48%.The highest yield of pinene-based essential oil in September was 0.42%with the highest mass fraction of the(+)-α-pinene of 33.68%.The yield and mass fraction of ylang-ylang essential oil in November were the highest,being 0.51%and 30.28%,respectively.The highest yield of the type of sabinene essential oil in November was 0.22%,and the mass fraction of the sabinene was 31.61%.The highest yield of perilla-type essential oil was 0.27%in November,and the mass fraction was 15.56%.The results indicated that,autumn and winter are the good times for reserving essential oils and accumulating ingredients.Lemon,caryophyllene,ylang-ylang,sabinene and scented are more suitable for harvest in November,and pinene is more suitable for harvest in September.This st

关 键 词：墨西哥柏 精油 得率 化学组成 季节变化 

分 类 号：S791.41[农业科学—林木遗传育种]