铁路货车单车溜放紧急制动距离计算分析  

The Calculation and Analysis of Emergency Braking Distance of Railway Freight CarFree Rolling

作　　者：牛国新 NIU Guoxin

机构地区：[1]中车齐齐哈尔车辆有限公司大连研发中心,辽宁大连116052

出　　处：《铁道技术监督》2021年第5期12-14,18,共4页Railway Quality Control

摘　　要：铁路货车单车溜放紧急制动距离是衡量列车制动性能的重要指标。考察这个指标的方法主要通过开展线路试验,或者单车溜放紧急制动距离试验。但线路试验占用线路、车辆、机车等大量运营资源,成本很高,不易开展;单车溜放紧急制动距离试验操作极其危险,有可能导致重大安全事故。利用合外力与速度函数关系和线性加速度积分法推导单车溜放紧急制动距离,可以避免成本和安全方面的问题。以KM98型煤炭漏斗车为例,根据现有经验公式确定KM98型煤炭漏斗车合外力与速度函数关系式,计算KM98型煤炭漏斗车单车溜放紧急制动距离。用判定系数R2,通过对比分析计算结果和试验结果,得出计算结果可以正确反映车辆制动性能的结论。The emergency braking distance of railway freight car free rolling is an important index of train braking performance.The main way to investigate this index is to carry out line test,or the emergency braking distance test of the car free rolling.But the line test takes up operation resources such as lines,rolling stock,locomotive,and so on.The costs are high,so it is not easy to implement.However,the operation of the car emergency braking distance test of the car free rolling is comparatively dangerous,which may lead to major safety accidents.Using the function relation⁃ship between external force and speed and linear acceleration integral method can avoid the issues of costs and safety.Taking KM98 coal hopper car as an example,according to the existing empirical formula,the function relationship be⁃tween external force and speed of the car is determined,and the emergency braking distance of the car free rolling is calculated.By comparing and analyzing the calculation and the test results with the judgment coefficient R2,it is con⁃cludes that the calculation results can correctly reflect the rolling braking performance.

关 键 词：货车 单车溜放 紧急制动距离 合外力 速度 线性加速度 

分 类 号：U272∶U270.11[机械工程—车辆工程]