从工具理性到交往理性——评哈贝马斯的交往行动理论  

From Instrumental Rationality to Communicative Rationality--On Habermas’Theory of Communicative Action

作　　者：杜靓 DU Liang(Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学哲学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《哈尔滨学院学报》2021年第5期1-5,共5页Journal of Harbin University

摘　　要：哈贝马斯在批判近现代西方哲学的意识哲学范式下所催生出的工具理性,力图从交往哲学范式重建理性,用交往理性取代工具理性。在交往理性的基础上他提出了交往行动理论,这一理论以语言为媒介,以生活世界为背景,以主体间性为核心,试图达成交往合理性。哈贝马斯交往行动理论丰富和发展了法兰克福学派的社会批判理论,增添了交往视角的理性因素与语言向度,还为解决晚期资本主义社会的危机提供了新思路。然而仅从语言出发的交往行为具有片面性,将现代性危机的解决寄托于主体间的交往则具有明显的乌托邦性质,这两点构成了这一理论的局限性。Habermas criticizes the instrumental rationality in the paradigm of consciousness philosophy of modern western philosophy.He tries to reconstruct rationality from the paradigm of communicative philosophy and replace instrumental rationality with communicative rationality,based on which he put forward communicative action theory taking language as the medium,life world as the background and intersubjectivity as the core and trying to achieve communicative rationality.Habermas’communicative action theory enriches and develops Frankfurt School’s social critical theory,adds rational factors and linguistic dimensions of communicative perspective,and provides new ideas for solving the crisis of late capitalist society.However,the communication behavior based only on language is one-sided,and the communication between subjects,which places the solution to the crisis of modernity,is obviously Utopian.These two points constitute the limitations of this theory.

关 键 词：哈贝马斯 工具理性 交往理性 交往行动理论 

分 类 号：B089.1[哲学宗教—哲学理论]