宅基地使用权多种实现形式的思考  

Research and Reflection on the Phenomenon of Non-collective Organization Members Occupying Rural Residential Land

作　　者：胡向东[1] 刘静[1] 刘爽 HU Xiangdong;LIU Jing;LIU Shuang

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《农业经济问题》2021年第4期25-32,共8页Issues in Agricultural Economy

基　　金：国家重点研发计划政府间国际科技创新合作/港澳台科技创新合作重点专项项目“中泰合作二期适应气候变化的社区水资源管理”(编号:2017YFE013300);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(编号:ASTIP-IAED-2021-04)。

摘　　要：近年来农村宅基地闲置浪费与非常规取得现象普遍存在,反映出农村宅基地的资源错配与管制失效,推动宅基地三权分置改革和探索宅基地使用权的多种实现形式是当前农村土地改革的重点方向。本文基于实地调研,将当前中国农村宅基地使用权行使主体归类整理为常规使用主体和非常规使用主体,并进一步将常规主体分为原始取得主体和继受取得主体,将非常规主体分为交易流转型主体和租赁流转型主体,详细厘清每种使用主体的宅基地使用和确权情况、翻改扩建房屋权限、社会影响等问题。本研究认为农村宅基地兼具居住保障价值和财产收益价值双重价值属性,在城乡一体化进程中其双重价值属性,尤其是财产收益价值正在不断显化,深入探索宅基地的"三权分置",在保障农村居民基本权益的前提下探索宅基地使用权的多种实现方式,有利于优化土地资源配置,释放宅基地内在价值,促进城乡融通联动发展。In recent years, the phenomenon of idle waste and unconventional acquisition of rural homestead is widespread.In particular, the occupation of homestead by members of non-collective economic organizations has aroused widespread concern in the society.Based on field research and interviews in 28 administrative villages in more than 10 provinces and regions across China, this paper categorizes the occupation of rural homestead by nonmembers of collective organizations into three types: objective occupation, subjective occupation and rental occupation, and clarifies issues of land tenure and use, rights and responsibilities differences between collective members and nonmembers for each type.This paper concludes that rural homestead has the dual value attributes of residential security value and property income value, and the dual value, especially the latter, is manifesting in the process of urban-rural integration.The exploration of the "separation of three rights" of rural homestead, which indicates to explore the multiple realization forms of land use right without threatening the fundamental rights and interests of rural residents, is conducive to optimizing the allocation of land resources, releasing the intrinsic value of rural residential land, and promoting the development of urban-rural integration.

关 键 词：宅基地 使用主体 三权分置 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]