癫痫的治疗和药物发现现状  

Current status of treatment and drug discovery for epilepsy

作　　者：刘颖[1,2] 于海波 孔庆飞 LIU Ying;YU Hai-bo;KONG Qing-fei(Department of Neurobiology,Harbin Medical University,Harbin 150086,China;State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines,Institute of Materia Medica,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学神经生物学教研室,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院药物研究所,天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室,北京100050

出　　处：《药学学报》2021年第4期924-938,共15页Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica

基　　金：重大新药创制科技重大专项(2018ZX09711001-004-001);新药作用机制研究与药效评价北京市重点实验室(BZ0150)。

摘　　要：癫痫是常见的神经系统疾病之一,以神经元异常放电导致短暂的脑功能障碍为特征,主要以药物治疗为主。尽管近年来抗癫痫药物开发有卓越的进展,但是对于难治性癫痫患者仍存在疗效差的现状。本综述主要阐述癫痫的发病机制、临床常用的经典抗癫痫药物(靶向钠离子通道、钙通道阻断剂、钾通道,以及调节γ-氨基丁酸/谷氨酸系统平衡),以及作用于新靶点的抗癫痫药物(突触囊泡糖蛋白2调节剂、雷帕霉素靶蛋白信号通路阻滞剂、碳酸酐酶抑制剂、大麻二酚或腺苷抑制剂的药物)的作用和机制等。Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological conditions,which is characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures.Drug treatment is still the main method for the disease.Although remarkable progress has been made in the development of antiepileptic drugs in recent years,there is still a poor curative effect on patients with refractory epilepsy.This review will focus on the current status and pathogenesis of epilepsy,as well as the antiepileptic drugs(targeting sodium channels,calcium channels,potassium channels,and the balance ofγ-aminobuyric acid/glutamate system,respectively)that have been developed based on classical epileptogenic mechanisms.Further the antiepileptic drugs acting on new targets(epigenetic interferers,synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A modulators,mammalian target of rapamycin signal pathway blockers,carbonic anhydrase inhibitors,cannabidiol and adenosine inhibitors)have also been discussed.

关 键 词：癫痫 抗癫痫药物 耐药性癫痫 离子通道 G蛋白偶联受体 

分 类 号：R964[医药卫生—药理学]