东晋阿育王像研究——以长干寺阿育王像为主  

A Study of Ashoka Statues of the Eastern Jin Dynasty:Focusing on Ashoka Statues in Changgan Temple

作　　者：祁海宁 QI Hai-ning(School of History,Nanjing University,Nanjing,Jiangsu,210023;School of Social Development,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing,Jiangsu,210023)

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学院,江苏南京210023 [2]南京师范大学社会发展学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《东南文化》2021年第2期119-126,共8页Southeast Culture

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“南京大报恩寺遗址考古发现与研究”(项目编号:18ZDA221)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：东晋时期,武昌寒溪寺、建康长干寺和荆州长沙寺,先后出现三尊金铜菩萨像和佛像,造像者指为阿育王或其第四女,它们被统称为"阿育王像"。从晋至唐,这批佛造像产生了重要的影响,也一直受到佛教史研究的关注。1995年四川成都出土梁代石质阿育王像实物之后,中外学者进行了更为深入的讨论。但是,这批佛造像究竟是哪国铸造,与阿育王是否有关等关键问题一直没有得到明确的解答。通过全面梳理东晋三座阿育王像的史料和相关考古资料,进一步利用考古学和史学研究的成果进行分析,可以发现三尊东晋阿育王像皆为托名伪作,与阿育王无关。它们的出现发挥了两个方面的作用,其一是为相关寺院提供了神圣性支持;其二是为东晋政权提供了合法性支持。During the Eastern Jin dynasty,three gold and bronze statues of Bodhisattvas and Buddhas appeared one after another at the Hanxi Temple in Wuchang,the Changgan Temple in Jiankang,and the Changsha Temple in Jingzhou.They were collectively referred to as"Ashoka statues".By comprehensively sorting through the historical and archaeological data of the three Ashoka statues of the Eastern Jin Dynasty,and further analyzing the results of archaeological and historical research,it can be found that the three Eastern Jin Ashoka statues are all fakes,and they had nothing to do with Ashoka.Their appearance of these statues played two roles:to support the sanctity of the relevant monasteries,and to support the legitimacy of the Eastern Jin regime.

关 键 词：东晋 长干寺 寒溪寺 长沙寺 阿育王像 金铜造像 

分 类 号：K871.42[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]