赫尔曼·梅尔维尔小说中的共同体书写——以《莫比·迪克》为例  

Writings on Community in Herman Melville’s Novels:Illustrated by Moby Dick

作　　者：段国重[1] Duan Guozhong(School of International Studies,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225002,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学外国语学院,扬州225002

出　　处：《外国语文研究》2021年第2期38-47,共10页Foreign Language and Literature Research

基　　金：江苏省教育厅高校人文社科基金项目“美国文艺复兴文学中的主体间性伦理研究”(2016SJB750028)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：美国独立战争之后,随着宗教意识的世俗化、资本主义的发展以及个人主义的张扬,美国以清教为基础的传统共同体被逐步消解,而超验主义主体在个人意识得到极大张扬的同时也陷入唯我和超验的困境。因而,新的民族共同体和主体性有待构建,这既是政治需求,亦是心理需求。美国文艺复兴作家们在构建独立的美国民族意识和国族文学的时候,不得不思考自在性“独体”与互系性“共同体”之间的矛盾关系。赫尔曼•梅尔维尔的代表作《莫比•迪克》就描写了这一矛盾,并呈现了一组有关独体和共同体之间的对话:亚哈代表了西方传统中强调内在性与超验性认同的独体存在困境,暗示了有机共同体的不可能性;以实玛利代表了从独体走向共同体的救赎之路,却又指明了有机共同体的可能性。梅尔维尔的共同体书写对走出二十世纪思想界的“独体”怪圈也有启示意义。After the American Independence War,traditional American community based on Puritanism was gradually decomposed due to the secularized religion,growing capitalism,and rising individualism.At the same time,transcendentalist subjects were trapped in egoism and transcendence.It is both a political and a psychological demand to establish new national community and subjectivity.Writers and thinkers in the American Renaissance had to consider the conflicts between“singularity”and“community”in constructing American national consciousness and literature.Herman Melville’s Moby Dick depicts such a conflict and presents a dialogue between American singularity and community:Ahab stands for a radical singularity,indicating the impossibility of true community,while Ishmael represents a way out of singularity towards community.In addition,Melville’s writings on community promises to throw light on the confusions around singularity in the 20th century.

关 键 词：梅尔维尔 《莫比•迪克》 独体 共同体 

分 类 号：I712.074[文学—其他各国文学]