应用鱼类生物完整性指数评价秦岭黑河流域健康状况  

Ecological Health Assessment of Heihe River,Qinling,Using the Fish-Based Index of Biotic Integrity

作　　者：边坤[1] 张建禄[1] 苟妮娜[1] 靳铁治[1] 黄庆华 王开锋[1] BIAN Kun;ZHANG Jian-lu;GOU Ni-na;JIN Tie-zhi;HUANG Qing-hua;WANG Kai-feng(Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation,Shaanxi Institute of Zoology,Xi′an 710032,P.R.China;Rare Aquatic Wildlife National Nature Reserve Administration of Heihe River,Xi′an 710400,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省秦岭珍稀濒危动物保育重点实验室,陕西省动物研究所,西安710032 [2]黑河珍稀水生野生动物国家级自然保护区管理中心,西安710400

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2021年第3期23-29,共7页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划(2017SF-395);陕西省重点研发计划(2018NY-108);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2018JM3037)。

摘　　要：分析不同时期秦岭黑河流域鱼类生物完整性的特点及变化情况,为该流域水生生态系统健康评价和西安市重要水源地的保护提供参考。以鱼类为研究对象,通过现场调查和历史资料收集,应用鱼类生物完整性指数(F-IBI)对流域生态系统健康状况进行评价。秦岭黑河流域鱼类记录1980年代34种、1990年代18种,2018年调查到鱼类17种。根据研究区域的鱼类生态特点,筛选鱼类总种类数、鳅科鱼类占总种类数百分比、鲤科鱼类占总种类数百分比、高耐污鱼类占总种类数百分比、低耐污鱼类占总种类数百分比、浮游生物食性鱼类占总种类数百分比、肉食性鱼类占总种类数百分比、杂食性鱼类占总种类数百分比等8个指标用于建立评价体系。1980年代秦岭黑河流域F-IBI得分为57,生物完整性"极好";1990年代F-IBI得分为18,生物完整性"极差";2018年F-IBI得分为30,生物完整性"差"。秦岭黑河流域鱼类资源减少,种类组成趋向单一化,鱼类生物完整性呈下降趋势,流域生态系统健康状况下降,相关部门应对厚畛子镇、陈河镇等关键源区加强管理。The fish-based index of biotic integrity(F-IBI)is a quantitative measure of the effect of human activity on biological activity,and is a reliable method for evaluating the ecological and environmental conditions in lakes,wetlands,reservoirs,estuaries and rivers.In this study,an F-IBI assessment system was developed for the Heihe River at Qinling,Shaanxi Province.The index was then used to analyze and evaluate the environmental health of Heihe River during different periods.The objectives of the study were to provide a reference for evaluating aquatic ecosystem heath in the Heihe River basin and conserving the water source of Xi′an City.The F-IBI assessment system for Heihe River was based on field investigations of fishery resources in January,May and July 2018 and historical data on the fish assemblage in the 1980 s and 1990 s.Eighteen candidate indices,representing different attributes of the fish community were selected,based on the fish species inhabiting Heihe River.After screening and analysis,eight indices were identified as suitable for the F-IBI evaluation system,and they fell into three groups:community composition,environmental tolerance,and feeding habits.The F-IBI scores for the 1980 s,1990 s and 2018 were,respectively,57,18 and 30,indicating that ecological conditions were excellent in the 1980 s,very poor in 1990 s and poor in 2018.Compared with the historical data of the 1980 s,the 2018 field investigation showed a marked decline in the F-IBI due to decreases in both fish stocks and species diversity.The ecosystem health of the Heihe River has been declining since 1980 s and the relevant authorities should enhance management of critical source areas including the towns of Houzhenzi and Chenhe.

关 键 词：鱼类生物完整性指数 指标体系 秦岭 黑河 健康评价 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]