小麦双轴旋耕播深控制装置设计及试验研究  

Design and Experimental Study on Sowing Depth Control Device of Double-axis Rotary Tiller of Wheat Drill

作　　者：潘浩然 胡建平[1] 骆佳明 刘伟[1] 赵军[1] Pan Haoran;Hu Jianping;Luo Jiaming;Liu Wei;Zhao Jun(College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学农业装备工程学院,江苏镇江212013

出　　处：《农机化研究》2021年第6期58-65,共8页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200601);江苏省农机新装备新技术研发与推广项目(NJ2018-08)。

摘　　要：为解决小麦播种过程中播深一致难以控制的问题,设计了一种具有播深控制装置的双轴旋耕播种机。机组采用前旋耕刀组正转深旋,后旋耕刀组反转浅旋抛土,后置播深控制装置铲土板与旋耕刀组联合作用产生平整种床,后刀轴旋耕刀反旋所抛土壤部分越过挡土板均匀覆盖在种层上完成覆土,实现小麦种子3~5mm的播深均匀一致。通过建立刀尖轨迹运动方程,分析了前旋耕刀组正转深旋、后旋耕刀组反转浅旋的合理性,运用旋耕抛土理论建立了后刀轴旋耕刀被抛土粒的轨迹方程,确定了在机器前进速度、旋耕刀转速、回转半径等参数设定下的抛土率,以抛土率为理论依据、小麦播种深度为农艺要求,进一步确定了小麦播种深度为40mm时的后旋耕刀组旋耕深度、播深控制部分挡土板上沿相对后旋耕刀轴中心的安装高度及挡土板高度。采用五点取样法对实际样机进行田间试验,测得播种深度平均值为37.04 mm,播深合格率可达92%,实际覆土厚度与理论设计厚度的相对误差约为7.4%;进一步跟踪小麦出苗后播种深度,测得小麦苗体根茎部反映播种深度的特征长度平均值为33.76mm,播深合格率为90%。试验结果表明:基于双轴旋耕的反旋抛土播深控制装置可以较好地保证小麦种子的播深一致,符合小麦播种农艺要求。In order to solve the problem that the sowing depth is uncontrollable during the sowing process of wheat, a double-axis rotary tillage and planter with a sowing depth control device was designed. This paper described the double-axis rotary configuration of this planter. The front rotary tillage blade was rotating forward and deep, and the rear the rear rotary tillage blade rotated in the opposite direction and was shallow. A flat seedbed was produced by the combined action of the spade plate and the rotary tiller group. A part of the soil thrown by the reverse rotation of the rear rotary tillage blade was evenly covered on the seedbed through the retaining plate. The sowing depth control device can make the wheat seeds keep the same sowing depth in 3-5 mm. In this paper, the rationality of the configuration of the double-axis rotary was analyzed by establishing the motion equation of the tip of the rotary tillage blade. By using the theory of rotary tillage and throwing soil, the trajectory equation of the thrown soil particles of the rotary tiller with the rear rotary tillage blade was established, and the throwing rate was determined under the setting of the parameters such as the forward speed of the machine, the rotating speed of the rotary tiller and the turning radius of the rotary tillage blade. The rotary tillage depth of the rear rotary tiller group, the installation height of the top of the retaining plate relative to the center of the rear tillage axis, and the overall dimension height of the retaining plate were further determined when the sowing depth of wheat was 40 mm. The above research provided a theoretical basis for the actual prototype design. Five-point sampling method was used to test the actual prototype in the field. The average sowing depth was 37.04 mm, and the qualified rate of sowing depth was 92%. The relative error between actual soil cover thickness and theoretical design thickness was about 7.4%. Further tracking the sowing depth after wheat emergence, the average characteristic le

关 键 词：小麦 播深控制 双轴旋耕 抛土理论分析 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S220.39[农业科学—农业工程]