辣椒穴盘苗力学特性及穴盘拔秧性能的试验研究  

Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties and Seedling Pulling Performance of Pepper Seedlings

作　　者：赵晨阳 郭俊先 刘娜[2] 王彦[2] Zhao Chenyang;Guo Junxian;Liu Na;Wang Yan(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Ürümqi 830052,China;Agricultural Mechanization Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science,Ürümqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学机电工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院农业机械化研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《农机化研究》2021年第6期172-178,共7页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：自治区科技支疆计划项目(2018E02035)。

摘　　要：使用不同生长期的辣椒穴盘苗进行茎秆拉断试验,模拟取苗机构进行夹紧力试验,并根据苗龄、基质含水量、基质成分3个因素设计三因素三水平的穴盘拔取正交试验。试验发现:拉断辣椒穴盘苗所需的拉断力随夹秧位置的提高而逐渐降低,茎秆的抗拉能力高于枝叶,茎秆越粗壮抗拉断能力越强;取苗时,土壤黏附力是影响拔取力和夹紧力的主要因素;基质配比对从穴盘中取出穴盘苗所需的拔取力影响高度显著,含水率对拔取力影响较为显著,苗龄对拔取力无显著影响。试验结果表明:通过直接拔取的方式从穴盘中取出穴盘苗是可行的,但夹具的夹紧力要根据穴盘苗的实际情况进行调整,夹持部位应尽量靠近基质块上表面,避开茎秆基节;取苗时,苗龄50天以上,基质中泥炭、蛭石、珍珠岩的比值为1:1:1,含水量为50%,最为合适。In this study, the stem pull-off test was carried out with pepper seedlings at different growth stages, the clamping force test was carried out with simulated picking seedling mechanism, and the orthogonal experiment of three factors and three levels was designed according to seedling age, matrix moisture content and matrix composition.The breaking force needed to destroy the seedlings of Capsicum cave tray decreases gradually with the increase of the clamping position, the strength of the stem is higher than that of the branches and leaves, the thicker the stem is, the stronger the anti-breaking ability is;the soil adhesion force is the main factor affecting the pulling force and clamping force when taking seedlings, and the excessive clamping force leads to the decrease of the survival rate of seedlings;the matrix ratio has a significant influence on the pulling force required to pull out seedlings from the cave tray. The water content had a significant effect on the pulling-out ability, but the seedling age had no significant effect on the pulling-out ability.It is feasible to extract the seedlings from the disc by direct extraction, but the clamping force of the fixture should be adjusted according to the actual situation of the disc seedlings. The clamping position should be as close as possible to the upper surface of the matrix block and avoid the stem base node. The ratio of peat, vermiculite and perlite in the matrix is 1:1:1 and the water content is 50% when the seedlings are taken out.

关 键 词：辣椒 穴盘苗 力学特性 拔秧性能 

分 类 号：S183[农业科学—农业基础科学] S220.3