太虚的教制改革及其对近代佛教制度入世转型的影响  

On Taixu’s Religious System Reform and Its Influence on the Transformation of Modern Buddhist System into Society

作　　者：李凯 郭文[2] LI Kai;GUO Wen(School of Marxm,Shangrao Normal University,Shangrao Jiangxi 334001,China;Institute of Zhuzi Studies,Shangrao Normal University,Shangrao Jiangxi 334001,China)

机构地区：[1]上饶师范学院马克思主义学院,江西上饶334001 [2]上饶师范学院朱子学研究所,江西上饶334001

出　　处：《上饶师范学院学报》2021年第2期22-29,共8页Journal of Shangrao Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(16CZJ005)。

摘　　要：基于近代佛教在组织、制度层面存在的混乱与衰颓局面,太虚从契理契机的立场推动近代佛教在组织、制度以及政教关系层面的革新与发展。从组织制度层面看,太虚教制改革的主要目的是要克服佛教在帝制时代因丛林制的影响而养成的惰性以及在宗法制影响下导致的组织的封闭性,建立包括僧众和信众在内的僧俗混合的组织,以及适应时代需要、积极参与现实事务的现代僧制;在政教关系层面,则是要改革明清以来官方对于佛教实行的"不干于民"的绝对统制的政教关系,建立适应近代"政教分离"思潮、以"问政不干治"为基本特点的新型政教关系。太虚这些富有"入世性"特色、契理契机的教制改革举措对于推动近代佛教制度的入世转型具有重要的意义和作用。Based on the confusion and decline of modern Buddhism at the organizational and institutional levels,Taixu promoted the innovation and development of modern Buddhism at the organizational,institutional,and political-religious levels from the standpoint of reasonable opportunities.At the level of the organizational system,the main purpose of Taixu’s religious system reform was to overcome the inertia that Buddhism developed during the monarchy era due to the influence of the jungle system and the closure of the organization caused by the influence of the patriarchal system,and to establish a monastic-secular organization which included both monks and believers and a modern monastic system that adapted to the needs of the times and actively participates in real affairs.At the level of the relationship between politics and religion,the purpose was to reform the absolute-control relation between politics and religion,which was carried out directed to Buddhism by the government since the Ming and Qing Dynasties,and establish a new relationship between politics and religion that adapted to the modern"separation of politics and religion"and was based on the basic characteristic of"discussing politics without intervening".Taixu’s religions reform measures,which are full of characteristics of"entering the society"and reasonable opportunities,are of great significance and role in promoting the transformation of the modern Buddhist system into society.

关 键 词：太虚 近代佛教 教制改革 入世转型 

分 类 号：B929[哲学宗教—宗教学]