普通话水平测试对汉语(普通话)作为第二语言学习者的后效作用  

After-effects of Putonghua Proficiency Test on Learners of Chinese(Mandarin)as a Second Language

作　　者：张宠 郭书林 ZHANG Chong;GUO Shulin(Chinese Teaching Department,Beijing Chinese Language and Culture College,Beijing102206,China;Faculty of International Education of Chinese Language,Beijing Language and Culture University,Beijing100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京华文学院专修部,北京102206 [2]北京语言大学汉语国际教育学部,北京100083

出　　处：《云南师范大学学报（对外汉语教学与研究版）》2021年第3期55-62,共8页Journal of Yunnan Normal University(Teaching & Studying Chinese as a Foreign Language Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“汉语交际能力标准与测评体系研究”(15ZDB101);北京华文学院2019年度一般项目“面向中高级华裔留学生的汉语口语测验研究”(HW-19-B08);北京语言大学院级科研项目(中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金)(19YJ010208)。

摘　　要：普通话水平测试(PSC)的后效作用主要包括对学习者的后效作用和对汉语(普通话)的教学、培训的后效作用。本文聚焦测试对学习者的后效作用,对学习汉语的留学生群体发放了问卷,用问卷调查的方式,调查了PSC在这类人群中的后效作用。通过对回收到的问卷的整理和统计,发现PSC对留学生汉语学习者存在很多积极的正面后效作用。最重要的正面后效作用主要包括PSC的推广能够在留学生群体中有效推广普通话,“以测促训”,通过测前培训有效促进留学生被试普通话表达能力的发展,真正提高留学生的汉语普通话水平。同时,这项测试也同其他语言测试一样,不可避免地有一些负面后效作用。这些负面后效作用目前由于PSC在留学生群体中的施测尚不广泛,所以影响还较小。今后的研究应继续重视测试给学习者带来的后效作用研究,力争扩大正面后效作用,降低负面后效作用,以期让测试朝着更积极的方向发展,更好地服务于语言教学工作。The after-effects of the Putonghua Proficiency Test(PSC)mainly include the after-effects on the learners and the teaching and training of Chinese(Mandarin).This article focuses on the after-effects of the test on learners.A questionnaire distributed to the group of international students learning Chinese aims to investigate the after-effects of PSC in this group.Through the statistical analysis of the collected questionnaires,it concludes that PSC has many positive after-effects on Chinese learners.The most important positive after-effects mainly include the promotion of PSC,which can effectively promote Mandarin among international students,"promoting training by testing",effectively promoting the development of their Mandarin expression ability through the pre-test training,and truly improving their level of Mandarin.At the same time,this test,like other language tests,inevitably has some negative effects.Currently the test is not widely tested among international students,so the impact of the negative effects is relatively small.Future research should continue to focus on the study of the after-effects of this test,and strive to expand the positive after-effects and reduce the negative after-effects so as to make the test develop in a more positive direction and better serve the Chinese-language teaching.

关 键 词：普通话水平测试 留学生 后效作用 

分 类 号：H195[语言文字—汉语]