高轨GNSS信号可用性分析  

Availability Analysis of GNSS Signal in High Orbit

作　　者：卢克文 王新龙[1] 申亮亮[2] 蔡远文 陈鼎 Lu Kewen;Wang Xinlong;Shen Liangliang;Cai Yuanwen;Chen Ding(School of Astronautics,Beihang University,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Institute of Control&Electronic Technology,Beijing 100038,China;Department of Graduate School,Space Engineering University,Beijing 101416,China;State Key Laboratory of Space-Ground Information Technology,Beijing 100086,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学宇航学院,北京100083 [2]北京控制与电子技术研究所,北京100038 [3]航天工程大学研究生院,北京101416 [4]天地一体化信息技术国家重点实验室,北京100086

出　　处：《航空兵器》2021年第1期77-86,共10页Aero Weaponry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(61673040);航空科学基金项目(20170151002);试验技术项目(1700050405);天地一体化信息技术国家重点实验室基金项目(2015-SGIIT-KFJJ-DH-01)。

摘　　要：全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)具有自主性强、实时性强、定位精度高、成本低的特点,目前已在地面和中、低轨用户中得到广泛应用。然而在高轨环境中,由于地球的遮挡以及信号传输距离的增加,GNSS信号的可用性受到很大的限制,制约着GNSS在高轨卫星自主导航中的应用与发展。针对高轨GNSS信号可用性存在的未知问题,本文从GNSS卫星的可见性、多普勒频移及其变化率、几何精度因子等方面对高轨GNSS信号可用性进行了全面系统的分析。基于GNSS链路传播的特点分析了高轨GNSS信号的空间覆盖特性和强度分布特性,进而对高轨GNSS卫星可见性进行了评估。利用捕获模型和锁相环模型探究了多普勒频移及其变化率对信号捕获、跟踪性能的影响,定量计算得到了不同GNSS组合方式的几何精度因子及其变化情况。Global navigation satellite system(GNSS)has the characteristics of strong autonomy,high real-time,high positioning accuracy and low cost,and it has been widely used by ground,low earth orbit(LEO)and medium earth orbit(MEO)users.However,in the high orbit environment,the availability of GNSS signal is greatly limited due to the earth’s blocking and the increase of signal’s transmission distance,which restricts the application and development of GNSS in the autonomous navigation of high orbit satellites.Aiming at the unknown problem of GNSS signal’s availability in high orbit,the availability of GNSS signal in high orbit is systematically analyzed from the aspects of GNSS satellite’s visibility,Doppler frequency shift and its rate of change,geometric dilution of precision,etc.Based on the characteristics of GNSS link propagation,the spatial coverage characteristics and strength distribution characteristics of GNSS signal in high orbit are analyzed,and then the visibility of GNSS satellites in high orbit is evaluated.The effects of Doppler frequency shift and its rate of change on the performance of signal acquisition and tracking are explored by using the acquisition model and the phase-locked loop model,and geometric dilution of precision of different GNSS combinations and their changes are quantitatively calculated.

关 键 词：GNSS 高轨卫星 可见性 多普勒频移及其变化率 几何精度因子 

分 类 号：V249[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计] TJ765[兵器科学与技术—武器系统与运用工程]