超级中学:提高抑或降低各省普通高中的教育质量  

Super High Schools:Improving or Reducing the Educational Quality of High Schools in Different Provinces?

作　　者：郭丛斌 徐柱柱 张首登 Guo Congbin;Xu Zhuzhu;Zhang Shoudeng(Institute of Economics of Education(Key Research Institute inUniversity),Peking University;Graduate School of Education,Peking University,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地北京大学教育经济研究所 [2]北京大学教育学院,北京100871

出　　处：《教育研究》2021年第4期37-51,共15页Educational Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金2020年度面上项目“乡村振兴背景下县级高中教育质量研究:评价体系、影响因素和提升策略”(项目编号:72074012)的研究成果。

摘　　要：基于A大学2007—2017级的新生数据,将所占A大学录取比例超过省内平均水平两个标准差的高中定义为超级中学,通过构建超级中学的教育垄断指数测量各省超级中学的垄断程度,并以理科一本录取分数线以及北京大学、中国科学技术大学理科分数线作为衡量各省高中教育质量的测度指标,运用双向固定效应模型,分析我国超级中学教育垄断的现状及其变化趋势,在此基础上探讨其对各省高中教育质量的影响。研究结果表明,近年来我国超级中学平均占据了A大学34%的录取机会,造成的教育垄断现象较为严重;内地有26个省份都属于中度垄断型及以上,其中西部省份长期保持一所高中一家独大的局面,而教育与经济较发达或人口众多的省份则会出现三所超级中学三足鼎立的态势;各省份教育垄断指数名次与理科一本线名次大体上呈现相反的变化趋势,超级中学教育垄断的提高会显著降低各省普通高中的教育质量。为打破教育垄断,提升教育质量,促进区域教育优质均衡发展,在严令禁止超级中学跨区域无限制招生的同时,还应该在提升弱势高中教育质量,引导学生与家长理性择校、提高高等学校专项招生政策的精准性和有效性等方面付诸努力。Based on the data from the freshmen in University A between 2007 and 2017,this paper defines a super high school as a school whose admission rate for University A exceeds 2 standard deviations of the provincial average,measures the degree of super high schools’monopoly in each province by constructing an educational monopoly index,and evaluates the quality of upper secondary education by using the college entrance examination scores for sciences fixed by the first batch of universities enrolling senior high school students,and the college entrance examination scores for sciences fixed by Peking University and the University of Science and Technology of China,uses the two-way fixed-effect model to analyze the status quo and the trends of the educational monopoly in China’s super high schools,and based on this,probes into the effect of educational monopoly on the quality of upper secondary education in different provinces.The results show the following:Over the past few years,34%of the freshmen at University A come from super high schools on average,indicating a serious educational monopoly;to be specific,the students from super high schools in 26 provinces occupy a large proportion of the freshmen at University A,with the educational monopoly at a moderate level or above;in the western provinces,a high school monopolizes the largest proportion of students enrolled by University A;in a province with developed education and economy or a large population,there are three super high schools;and on the whole,the educational monopoly indexes tend to rank in an opposite manner to the college entrance examination scores for sciences fixed by the first batch of universities enrolling senior high school students,indicating that increased educational monopoly by super high schools will significantly reduce the educational quality of local upper secondary education.To break educational monopoly,improve educational quality,and promote the balanced and high-quality development of regional education,we are supposed to strictl

关 键 词：超级中学 教育垄断指数 高中教育质量 

分 类 号：G639.2[文化科学—教育学]