青年施莱尔马赫的斯宾诺莎研究中的形而上学  

Metaphysics in Young Schleiermacher’s Studies in Spinoza

作　　者：张云涛 Zhang Yuntao(Wuhan University,430072)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学人文社会科学研究院欧美宗教文化研究所

出　　处：《哲学评论》2016年第2期149-172,共24页Wuda Philosophical Review

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“施莱尔马赫文化神学研究”(项目编号:13YJC730008);武汉大学人文社会科学研究青年项目“德国早期浪漫主义哲学研究”。

摘　　要：青年施莱尔马赫关注到德国思想界发生的“泛神论之争”,他通过耶可比的著述对斯宾诺莎主义进行了深入的研究,创造性地综合了康德与斯宾诺莎的思想,提出了有机的一元论和完备的决定论,并以此反过来批判这两位哲学家和耶可比.他改造了斯宾诺莎的一元论,使用这种后来被他称作“更高的实在论”的思想,反对康德的二元论和先验自由观;同时,他又利用康德的批判哲学反对斯宾诺莎主义的独断论和机械系统,肯定个体的存在、自由和尊严.依据其对于有限者与无限者的辩证理解,他批判了耶可比在信仰上所持的神秘主义和情感主义.可以说,他的斯宾诺莎研究已经隐含了他后来的文化哲学和情感神学所预设的形而上学.Young Schleiermacher was concerned with the pantheism controversy in the German intellectual world.Through reading Jacobi’s writings,he made further investigation into Spinozism.At last he combined the thought of Kant and Spinoza in a creative way,proposed the organic monism and complete determinism,and criticized these two philosophers as well as Jacobi.He revises Spinozist monism and uses the new version of monism which he calls higher realism in his famous book On Religion,and is opposed to Kant’s dualism and the concept of transcendental freedom.Meanwhile,he makes use of Kant’s philosophy of Critique to criticize the dogmatism and mechanism of Spinozism,and defends the individual existence,freedom and dignity.He criticizes Jacobi’s mysticism and sensationism by means of his dialectical understanding of the relation between the infinite and the finite.It is true that his spinoza-study has implied his metaphysics which is presupposed by his mature philosophy of culture and theology of feeling.

关 键 词：泛神论之争 耶可比 斯宾诺莎 有机的一元论 完备的决定论 

分 类 号：B51[哲学宗教—外国哲学]