大数据时代的裁判思维  

Adjudicative Thinking in the Era of Big Data

作　　者：冯洁 Feng Jie(Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300134,China)

机构地区：[1]天津商业大学法学院,天津300134

出　　处：《现代法学》2021年第3期41-55,共15页Modern Law Science

基　　金：北京市社会科学重大项目“数据科技时代法学基本范畴的体系重构”(20ZDA02)。

摘　　要：大数据时代不仅给司法裁判带来了技术和制度-教义方面的挑战,更重要的是会在裁判思维的层面带来潜在的危险。司法裁判在本质上是一种以追求正确性为目标的规范性论证说理活动,它秉持的是理由思维、正确性思维和规范性思维。大数据技术的核心在于基于司法行为的历史数据、通过计算(算法)来预测未来的裁判,它可能带来三方面的危险:一是数字解决主义,即以数据计算取代论证说理;二是司法实证主义,即以统一裁判取代正确裁判;三是法律实用主义,即以结果预测取代规则实践。但只要人(法官)的道德主体地位与自主性仍然是司法裁判的价值根基,上述危险就不构成根本挑战。但它的确带来了一个反向挑战,那就是在“算法社会”到来之际,如何让人(法官)更像人、而非像机器那样去思考。Not only the technical and institutional-dogmatical aspects of judicial decisions are challenged in era of big data,but also,and what more important,there arises a latent risk embodied in the level of adjudicative thinking.Judicial decision is an activity of normative argumentation and reasoning pursuing correctness in nature,which presents a thought pattern of reason,correctness and normativity.The core of big data technology lies in the historical data based on judicial action,and predication of the future adjudication through calculation(algorithm),which will probably bring about dangers in three aspects:(1)digital solutionism,i.e.,substitution of data calculation for argumentation and reasoning,(2)judicial positivism,i.e.,substitution of an unified adjudication for a correct decision,(3)legal pragmatism,i.e.,substitution of result predication for rule practice.However,as long as the moral subject status and autonomy of persons(judges)are still the value foundation of judicial decisions,the above dangers do not constitute a fundamental challenge yet.But they do bring a reverse challenge,that is,along with the coming“Algorithm Society”,how to make persons(judges)think more like a human rather than like a machine.

关 键 词：大数据 裁判思维 数字解决主义 司法实证主义 法律实用主义 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]