农药对两栖动物的生态风险评估研究进展  

Research progress on ecological risk assessment of pesticides to amphibians

作　　者：曹玲 刘沁雨 郑豪杰 张鲲 孙健 尹晓辉[1] 林荣华 CAO Ling;LIU Qinyu;ZHENG Haojie;ZHANG Kun;SUN Jian;YIN Xiaohui;LIN Ronghua(College of Advanced Agriculture,Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University,Hangzhou 311300,China;Lishui Vocational&Technical College,Lishui 323000,Zhejiang Province,China;Management Center of Equine Epidemic Areas without Regulations,Hangzhou 311500,China;Institute for Control of Agrochemicals,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学现代农学院,杭州311300 [2]丽水职业技术学院,浙江丽水323000 [3]无规定马属动物疫病区管理中心,杭州311500 [4]农业农村部农药检定所,北京100125

出　　处：《农药学学报》2021年第3期456-468,共13页Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21007060);浙江省自然科学基金(LY14B070014).

摘　　要：农药的环境污染问题一直备受关注。两栖动物在农业区域及附近的水体中活动和繁殖,其个体发育和种群生存易受到农药的威胁,因此评估农药对两栖动物的生态风险显得尤为重要。本文主要综述了近几年来不同国家和组织关于农药对两栖动物的暴露评估、效应评估以及风险表征领域的研究进展。其中,美国和欧盟的两栖动物农药风险评估方法体系相对较为完善,在暴露模型研发及毒性效应测试等方面更加科学化,评价工具更为模型化,评估方法为定性和定量相结合,并且已进入到大尺度空间的区域生态风险评估阶段。我国的两栖动物生态风险评估还处于初级阶段,慢性评估基础数据资料匮乏,评估方法尚不完善,定量评估模型研发还有待加强。因此,我国应积极完善两栖动物生态风险评估体系,以满足未来生态风险评估的发展趋势,为保护两栖动物种群的健康发展以及农药的合理应用和有效管理提供参考方案。The environmental pollution problem caused by pesticides has always received much attention.Amphibians mainly live in agricultural areas or in neighbour water system,with their individual development and population survival vulnerable to pesticide threats.Therefore,it is particularly important to assess the ecological risks of pesticides to amphibians.This article mainly summarizes the research progress in the field of pesticide exposure assessment,effect assessment and risk characterization of pesticide effect on amphibians in recent years.As representative of large-scale spatial regional ecological risk assessment,the US and EU developed assessment systems for pesticide effects to amphibians,which are scientific in the testing of toxic effects.The evaluation tools in these systems are modeled,with the evaluation methods combined with qualitative and quantitative sections.While the China's amphibian ecological risk assessment is still in the prelimilary stage,with lack of original data on the chronic assessment,with low quanlity assessment method,and with insufficient quantitative model development..In the future,China's amphibian ecological risk assessment should actively be improved to meet the development trend of future ecological risk assessment,and to provide solutions for the healthy development of amphibian populations,the rational application and effective management of pesticides.

关 键 词：农药残留 水生生态环境 陆地生态环境 两栖动物 生态风险评估 

分 类 号：TQ450.26[化学工程—农药化工] X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]