法人类学视野下的互惠原则  

On the Reciprocity Principle from the Perspective of Legal Anthropology

作　　者：邵方[1] Shao Fang

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法律史学研究院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2021年第3期104-112,共9页Tribune of Political Science and Law

摘　　要：法人类学创始人马林诺夫斯基通过对西太平洋群岛原始部落的田野调查、参与观察,提出了初民社会的法律规则是建立在互惠基础上的,原始部落中人与人之间的纽带因互惠而得以加强,其社会性也是基于互惠关系而得以建立,因此,互惠也被视为一种"互负的义务"。这种互负义务的社会约束力机制支配着原始部落社会经济交往、婚丧嫁娶、财产分配以及巫术与禁忌等诸多方面,构建和固化了整个社会的共同意识。互惠原则不仅是初民社会法律规则的基础,也体现在纠纷解决机制之中。Malinowski, the originator of legal anthropology, put forward that primitive law had been built on the basis of reciprocity principle through his field investigation and participant observation of the primitive tribes living on the archipelago in the western Pacific Ocean. The bond among primitive people was strengthened by applying the principle, as the result, the sociality had been established based upon the mutual benefit relationship. Thus, reciprocity was also regarded as a mutual obligation. This binding social constraint mechanism of mutual obligation dominated primitive men’s economic exchange, marriages and funerals, property distribution, and witchcraft and taboo, etc. in the primitive society, constructing and consolidating its common sense of the whole society. Furthermore, reciprocity principle was not only the foundation of the primitive rules, but also manifested in the mechanism of disputes resolutions in the primitive society.

关 键 词：法人类学 原始部落 互惠 参与观察 

分 类 号：D90-052[政治法律—法学理论]