尼采“超人”哲学对当代人类增强技术的伦理反思——基于超人类主义和生物保守主义之争的思考  

Reflections on the Debate between Transhumanism and Bio-Conservatism:Ethical Reflection of Nietzsche's Superman Philosophy on Contemporary Human Enhancement Technology

作　　者：苏洁 苏振兴[1] SU Jie;SU Zhenxing(School of Medical Humanities,Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300070,China)

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学医学人文学院,天津300070

出　　处：《中国医学伦理学》2021年第6期680-685,共6页Chinese Medical Ethics

基　　金：天津市哲学社会科学研究规划重点课题“西方医学哲学史”(TJZX11-004)。

摘　　要：医学技术从治疗疾病、追求健康到如今对自身增强强化的探索,逐渐打破生物学上的不可能,上升到通过生命技术优化“先天”以达到“完满”。由此也产生了技术和伦理更深层次的碰撞,表现于超人类主义和生物保守主义的激烈对抗,二者关于对生命的意义、人性发展的探讨在尼采的语境下也是关注的焦点,尤其体现在他的“超人”学说。通过由对双方争论的探讨过渡到尼采“超人”身体和精神双重超越的面向,并且尝试消解双方的对立,为人类增强技术的发展提供新的思考。From the treatment of diseases and the pursuit of health to the current exploration of self-enhancement,medical technology has enabled us to gradually break the biological impossibilities,and to optimize our“innate”to achieve“perfection”through life technology.Thus,technology and ethic collided at a deeper level,which is manifested the fierce confrontation between transhumanism and bio-conservatism.Their discussion on the meaning of life and development of human nature is also the focus of attention in Nietzsche’s context,especially in his“Superman”theory.Through the discussion of the dispute between the two sides and the transition to Nietzsche's“Superman”body and spirit of the dual transcendence,this paper try to resolve the opposition between the two sides,to provide new thinking for the development of the human enhancement technology.

关 键 词：尼采“超人”哲学 技术增强 超人类主义 生物保守主义 

分 类 号：R-052[医药卫生]