黄土高原窑洞民居的传承与再生  

Inheritance and Renewal of Traditional Yaodong Dwellings on the Loess Plateau

作　　者：杨柳 刘加平 Yang Liu;Liu Jiaping(College of Architecture,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Director of Green Building Research Center,Xi’an 710055;College of Architecture,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Director of State Key Laboratory of Green Building in Western China,Xi’an 710055)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学建筑学院,绿色建筑研究中心,西安710055 [2]西安建筑科技大学建筑学院,西部绿色建筑国家重点实验室,西安710055

出　　处：《建筑遗产》2021年第2期22-31,共10页Heritage Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(59638210,51838011);国家杰出青年科学基金(50125821)。

摘　　要：绿色建筑不仅要节约资源、保护环境,满足一系列性能指标的要求;重视地方场所的文脉传承、蕴含地域特色亦是其重要内涵。文章以黄土高原窑洞民居为研究对象,重点论述了依据绿色建筑设计原理、“原型”理论、“需要层次”原理和“批判地域主义”理论,通过测试、调查、分析、实践与后评估,揭示了窑洞民居营造“冬暖夏凉”热环境的科学机理,构建了窑洞民居的“技术原型”,提出了黄土高原新窑居模式,并在延安枣园建设示范。为促进中国乡村建筑绿色发展、传承地域建筑文化、弘扬中华建筑文明提供理论支撑和实践范例。Green buildings should not only save resources,protect the environment and meet a range of performance requirements,but also extend vernacular cultural contexts and represent regional characteristics.This study takes yaodong dwellings(traditional earthen cave dwellings)on the Loess Plateau as the research object.Based on the design principles for green architecture,the theories of‘archetype’,‘hierarchy of needs’and‘critical regionalism’,a set of tests,investigations,analyses,practices and evaluations are conducted for yaodong dwellings,revealing the scientific mechanism behind the‘warm in winter and cool in summer’indoor thermal environment of cave dwellings.With the‘technical archetype’identified for yaodong dwellings,this study further proposes a new cave dwelling model for the Loess Plateau,which is demonstrated in Zaoyuan Compound,Yan’an City,Shaanxi Province.This study provides theoretical supports and practical examples for the green development of rural architecture in China,the inheritance of regional architectural culture,and the promotion of Chinese architectural civilisation.

关 键 词：窑洞民居 黄土高原 技术原型 绿色建筑 批判地域主义 

分 类 号：TU201[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论] TU209