台站遮挡对日照观测数据的一致性影响与订正方法研究  

Research on Influence of Station Occlusion on Consistency of Sunshine Observation Data and Its Correction Method

作　　者：叶冬[1] 申彦波[1] 王传辉 陈鹏 YE Dong;SHEN Yanbo;WANG Chuanhui;CHEN Peng(CMA Public Meteorological Service Centre,Beijing 100081;Public Meteorological Service Centre of Anhui Province,Hefei 230031;Wushan Meteorological Station,Chongqing,Wushan 401147)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局公共气象服务中心,北京100081 [2]安徽省公共气象服务中心,合肥230031 [3]巫山县气象局,重庆巫山401147

出　　处：《气象》2021年第5期609-618,共10页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0804)资助。

摘　　要：利用台站观测场周围360°遮挡仰角和云量观测数据,分析了台站遮挡对日照观测数据的一致性影响,从太阳高度角和遮挡物仰角的相对关系、云对遮挡比例的修正两个方面,建立了云天气象条件下台站遮挡日照时数的订正方法。以重庆巫山站为例,对2004—2013年期间有严重遮挡情况下的日照时数进行了遮挡计算和订正,通过遮挡期间及前、后两个未遮挡时段的纵向对比,以及与地形和气候条件相近的湖北建始站的同期横向对比,对订正效果进行了检验,结果表明:巫山站观测场周围遮挡物影响了日照时数观测,使观测数据前后产生明显的不一致;2004—2013年期间平均被遮挡的日照时数为218.0 h·a^(-1),遮挡比例达13.1%,受天气条件的对冲影响,夏半年遮挡影响可能高于冬半年;从纵向和横向两个方面的间接对比检验看,本文所建立的订正方法既计算了遮挡物自身的影响,又考虑了云天条件下对遮挡比例的修正,订正结果基本合理,可以相对准确地还原被遮挡的日照时数。Based on the observation data of 360°occlusion elevation angle and cloud amount around the observation site,the influence of occlusion on the consistency of sunshine observation data is analyzed.From the relative relationship between the solar elevation angle and the occlusion elevation angle,and the correction of the cloud to the occlusion rate,the correction method of the occlusion sunshine hours by station under cloudy weather conditions is established.Take Wushan Station in Chongqing as an example.The calculation and correction of the sunshine hours during the period of severe occlusion from 2004 to 2013 is performed.Through the vertical comparison between the occlusion period and the two unoccluded periods before and after the occlusion and the same-period horizontal comparison of Jianshi Station in Hubei Province,which is similar to the terrain and climate conditions,the correction effect is tested.The results show that the obstructions around the observation site of Wushan Station affect the observation of sunshine hours,which makes the observation data inconsistent before and after the occlusion.During the period of 2004-2013,the average number of occluded sunshine hours was 218.0 h·a^(-1),and the occlusion ratio reached 13.1%.Due to the hedging effect of weather conditions,the influence of occlusion in summer half year may be higher than that in winter half year.From the indirect comparison between the vertical and horizontal aspects,the correction method established in this paper not only calculates the influence of the occluder itself,but also takes into account the correction of the occlusion ration under cloudy conditions.The correction results are basically reasonable,and can be relatively accurately restore the occluded sunshine hours.

关 键 词：台站遮挡 日照时数 一致性 订正方法 

分 类 号：P413[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]