信息重要度原则与省略结构的汉日对比研究  

A Comparative Study of Information Importance Principle and Ellipsis Between Chinese and Japanese

作　　者：韩涛[1] Han Tao(School of Japanese and International Studies,Beijing Foreign Studies University,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学日语学院,北京100089

出　　处：《外语学刊》2021年第3期25-29,共5页Foreign Language Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“‘一带一路’沿线国家语言资源数据库建设及汉外对比研究”(19ZDA319)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文通过聚焦汉日动词省略和名词性结构省略,考察信息结构和省略结构在句法语义层面上的互动关系。研究发现:(1)汉日在动词省略上呈现出两种不同的省略类型:汉语为顺向省略,日语为逆向省略。这是由语序和句法所致,但不论顺向省略还是逆向省略都遵循信息重要度原则。(2)汉日在名词性结构省略上呈现出一种共性,遵循省略的指称和移位限制条件。从信息结构角度看,对于听话人而言,定指信息的信息重要度低于不定指信息,因此,定指信息进行移位后可删除也符合信息重要度原则。By focusing on verb ellipsis and nominal structure ellipsis in Chinese and Japanese,this paper investigates the interactive relationship between information structure and ellipsis structure at syntactic and semantic levels.It is found that:(1)There are two types of ellipsis in Chinese and Japanese:one is the forward ellipsis,and the other one is backward ellipsis.This is caused by word order and syntax,but both forward ellipsis and backward ellipsis follow the principle of information importance.(2)Both Chinese and Japanese have a common feature in ellipsis of nominal structure,which follows reference and shift restrictions on ellipsis.From the perspective of information structure,for the hearer,the information importance of definite information is lower than that of indefinite information.Therefore,the information can be deleted after the shift,which conforms to the principle of information importance.

关 键 词：省略 信息结构 动词省略 名词性结构 汉日对比 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]