云南干热河谷野生余甘子土壤肥力评价  

Soil fertility evaluation of wild Phyllanthus emblica Linn.in Yunnan dry-hot valleys

作　　者：许智萍 袁建民[1,2] 杨晓琼 雷虓 何璐[1,2] XU Zhiping;YUAN Jianmin;YANG Xiaoqiong;LEI Xiao;HE Lu(Tropical Eco-agricultural Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yuanmou 651300,China;Dry-hot Valley Botanical Garden,Yuanmou 651300,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所,元谋651300 [2]云南元谋干热河谷植物园,元谋651300

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2021年第2期309-314,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0505106-1);云南省重大科技专项计划项目(2019ZG00903)资助。

摘　　要：选取云南干热河谷3个典型野生余甘子分布区为样地,以土壤pH值、阳离子交换量(CEC)、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾作为指标,运用Nemerow肥力综合指数法和第2次土壤普查分级标准进行土壤肥力综合评价.结果显示:pH值变幅为6.61-6.94、属于中性土壤,其变异系数为2.08%-6.26%、差异不显著;CEC变幅为11.96-15.74,变异系数为9.32%-14.21%、小于15%、变异不大;土壤全量养分含量差异不显著,综合肥力等级为Ⅱ级,即一般水平.土壤有机质、速效钾的肥力指数较高、为Ⅰ级,CEC、全氮、全钾的肥力指标为Ⅱ级,而碱解氮、有效磷、全磷的肥力指数最低、为Ⅲ级;Nemerow法评价结果表明研究区域内野生余甘子土壤综合肥力指数均值为0.99,肥力等级平均为Ⅱ级.综上所述,云南干热河谷余甘子生长区土壤pH适宜,有机质、全氮及全钾含量尚可,但是有效磷严重缺乏,磷是影响研究区域土壤肥力的主要限制因子.(表4参28)The soil nutrient status and soil fertility in Yunnan dry-hot valleys were evaluated in three typical distribution areas of wild Phyllanthus emblica.Soil pH,cation exchange capacity,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,and rapidly available potassium were utilized in a comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility using the Nemerow comprehensive fertility index method and the 2nd soil general survey classification standard.Soil pH was neutral,varying from 6.61–6.94 with a coefficient of variation ranging from 2.08%to 6.26%;there were no significant differences among areas.The soil cation exchange capacity varied from 11.96 to 15.74 with a coefficient of variation less than 15%(9.32%–14.21%),indicating little variation.There were no significant differences in total soil nutrients in the Yunnan dry-hot valleys where wild P.emblica was distributed,and the general fertility of the soil was level II.Soil organic matter and rapidly available potassium content are higher at level I;cation exchange capacity,total nitrogen,and total potassium content are lower at level II,whereas alkali solution nitrogen,total phosphorus,and effective phosphorus content are lowest in level III.The basic soil integrated fertility index of wild P.emblica was 0.99 using the Nemerow method,and the average soil fertility level was level II.In conclusion,soil pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,and total potassium contents were at a basic level in the growing region of P.emblica in the dry-hot valleys of Yunnan,but the soil available phosphorus was seriously deficient,and phosphorus was the primary limiting factor affecting soil fertility in the study area.

关 键 词：余甘子 土壤肥力 土壤养分 干热河谷 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学] S567.19[农业科学—农业基础科学]