艺术重归生活--从尼采、施泰纳到博伊斯  

Arts Return to Life--from Nietzsche,Rudolf Steiner to Joseph Beuys

作　　者：王俊[1] Wang Jun(Department of Philosophy,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学哲学系,杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2021年第6期103-109,160,共8页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金“基于现象学的德国当代生活艺术哲学研究”(17BZX083)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：尼采的艺术思想对当代艺术影响巨大,约瑟夫·博伊斯(Joseph Beuys)就是当代深受尼采影响的艺术家之一。博伊斯对尼采的接收很大程度上并非直接的,而是通过20世纪初奥地利思想家和文化名人、尼采研究专家鲁道夫·施泰纳(Rudolf Steiner)及其人智学思想的中介而达成的。因此从尼采到施泰纳、到博伊斯就构成了一条从现代哲学到现代艺术的演进路线,这是一条艺术重归生活、促使人类重新思考和认识自身的道路。施泰纳在尼采思想中看到人和生活的重要性,由此促成了他从神智学向人智学的转变,自由的人及其生活、本能和本性(自然)成为思想的核心。这个观念在博伊斯那里被运用到艺术创作上,人的自由意志和自我塑造成为他的艺术创作的重要主题,“人人都是艺术家”则阐明了个体及其生活天然具有的创造力。Nietzsche’s artistic ideas have had a huge impact on contemporary art.Joseph Beuys is one of the contemporary artists who have been deeply influenced by Nietzsche.However Beuys’acceptance of Nietzsche was largely not direct,but was achieved through the intermediary of Rudolf Steiner and his anthroposophical thoughts.Therefore,from Nietzsche,through Steiner,to Beuys constitutes a development route from modern philosophy to modern arts.This is a path for arts to return to life and to prompt humans to rethink and recognize themselves.Steiner saw the importance of human being and life in Nietzsche’s thought,which contributed to his transformation from theosophy to anthroposophy.The free man and his life,instinct and nature became the core of his thought.These ideas were applied to artistic creations of Beuys.The free will and self-molding of human being became an important theme of his artistic creations.“Everyone is an artist”clarified the natural creativity of the individual life.

关 键 词：尼采 施泰纳 博伊斯 人智学 艺术 

分 类 号：J0[艺术—艺术理论]