奶牛卧床垫料抛撒机锤式抛撒机构设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Hammer Spreading Mechanism of Cow Bedding Material Spreader

作　　者：范国强[1,2] 滕翔 姜军鹏 董和银 王玉亮 齐自成[5] FAN Guoqiang;TENG Xiang;JIANG Junpeng;DONG Heyin;WANG Yuliang;QI Zicheng(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,China;Shandong Provincial Intelligent Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment,Taian 271018,China;Taian Yimeite Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Xintai 271215,China;Taian Animal Husbandry Intelligent Equipment Industry Technology Research Institute,Xintai 271215,China;Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences,Ji nan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学机械与电子工程学院,泰安271018 [2]山东省农业装备智能化工程实验室,泰安271018 [3]泰安意美特机械有限公司,新泰271215 [4]泰安市畜牧智能装备产业技术研究院,新泰271215 [5]山东省农业机械科学研究院,济南250100

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2021年第5期120-128,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019NJ008);山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2018MEE026)。

摘　　要：针对奶牛卧床垫料抛撒缺乏专用机械的问题,设计了一种锤式奶牛卧床垫料抛撒机。以沙子为研究对象,建立了锤式垫料抛撒机构作业的理论模型,对锤头回转半径、抛撒转速、物料抛出角、锤头数量和锤头尺寸进行了设计和计算。采用EDEM建立了沙子抛撒仿真模型,并对抛撒转速、抛料切线角、上挡板开启角和上挡板长度等关键因素进行了仿真分析,得出各因素对抛撒幅宽、地面堆积物料平均厚度和抛撒均匀性的影响规律。仿真分析表明,提高抛撒转速、减小抛料切线角、增大上挡板开启角和减小上挡板长度,能够显著增大物料抛撒幅宽和提高抛撒均匀性,并能够降低地面堆积物料平均厚度。选取抛撒转速1 200 r/min、抛料切线角35°、上挡板开启角70°、上挡板长度180 mm和行驶速度4 km/h进行仿真分析与现场试验,结果表明,仿真分析与试验结果基本吻合,证实了仿真分析的可靠性。试验测试抛撒幅宽为5.1 m,地面堆积物料平均厚度为22 mm,抛撒均匀性变异系数为31.96%,满足养殖场的使用要求。In order to provide a special spreader for cow bedding materials,a cow bedding material hammer spreader was designed.Taking sand as the research object,an operating theoretical model of the hammer spreading mechanism was established.The gyration radius of the hammer,spreading speed,spreading angle of the material,number and size of hammer were designed and calculated.The simulation model of sand spreading was established by EDEM,and the key factors such as spreading speed,tangent angle of spreading,opening angle of upper baffle,and length of upper baffle were simulated and analyzed.The influence of each factor on spreading width,average thickness of materials accumulated on the ground,and spreading uniformity was analyzed.The simulation results showed that by increasing the spreading speed and the opening angle of the upper baffle,reducing the tangent angle of spreading and the length of upper baffle,the spreading width and spreading uniformity of the sand accumulated on the ground can be improved,and the average thickness of sand accumulated on the ground can be reduced.Under the condition that the spreading speed was 1200 r/min,the spreading tangent angle was 35°,the opening angle of the upper baffle was 70°,the length of the upper baffle was 180 mm,and the driving speed was 4 km/h,simulations and tests were carried out.Simulation results were in good agreement with experimental data,and the reliability of the simulation analysis was confirmed.The effective spreading width was 5.1 m,and the average thickness was 22 mm,and the coefficient of variation of the uniformity of spreading was 31.96%,the requirement of farms was met.

关 键 词：奶牛 卧床垫料 抛撒机构 锤头 抛撒性能 

分 类 号：S817.3[农业科学—畜牧学]