中国生态福利绩效水平的地区差距及收敛性  

Regional disparity and convergence of China’s ecological welfare performance level

作　　者：邓远建[1] 杨旭 马强文[2] 汪凯达 DENG Yuanjian;YANG Xu;MA Qiangwen;WANG Kaida(School of Business Administration,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan Hubei 430073,China;School of Economics,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan Hubei 430073,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学工商管理学院,湖北武汉430073 [2]中南财经政法大学经济学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2021年第4期132-143,共12页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“农业生态资本运营的益贫效应及其与精准扶贫协同机制研究”(批准号:71673302);国家自然科学基金青年项目“乡村振兴中生态资本的投资绩效评价与投资模式创新研究”(批准号:71804196)。

摘　　要：生态福利绩效的提升是破解经济增长、生态保护、民生福祉增进“三难”问题的核心。文章基于Super-SBM模型,测算了2004—2017年全国29个省(区、市)的生态福利绩效,进而采用σ收敛、经典与空间β收敛模型,对全国以及东、中、西部区域生态福利绩效的收敛性及其影响因素进行了分析。研究结果表明:①2004—2017年,中国生态福利绩效整体水平下降幅度明显,具体经历了“波动上升-持续下降-波动下降”的过程;空间上呈现“东强-中次-西弱”的梯次下降格局;北京、海南和上海的生态福利绩效水平一直位居全国前列,宁夏、内蒙古和辽宁则长期处于后三位。②2004—2017年,全国及东、中、西部区域生态福利绩效均不存在σ收敛趋势。其中,2004—2017年中、西部区域变异系数总体保持着增长态势,而全国和东部区域变异系数在2012—2017年出现了明显波动。③全国范围内生态福利绩效存在显著的绝对与条件β收敛趋势。条件收敛率明显高于绝对收敛率,空间因素对收敛具有加速效应。对外开放程度、环境规制及产业结构是生态福利绩效提升的驱动因素,而经济发展水平是其抑制因素。④东、中、西三大区域生态福利绩效也存在显著的绝对与条件β收敛趋势。空间收敛率呈现西、东、中依次递减格局,空间因素对中部区域收敛的加速效应最强。区域层面上,经济发展水平、对外开放程度、环境规制、产业结构、技术水平对生态福利绩效的提升均有显著影响,但作用方向和力度在不同区域有所差异。因此,未来的政策制定应注重转变发展方式,促进形成区域协同发展格局,因地制宜探索提高生态福利绩效的最佳途径。The improvement of ecological welfare performance is the core of solving the‘three difficulties’of economic growth,ecological protection,and the improvement of people’s well-being.This paper used the Super-SBM model to measure the ecological welfare performance of 29 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions)in China from 2004 to 2017,and then,the convergence and influencing factors of ecological welfare performance in China in general,and the eastern,central and western regions in specific were analyzed by using theσconvergence,classical and spatialβconvergence models.The results of the study showed that:①From 2004 to 2017,the overall level of China’s ecological welfare performance dropped significantly,and specifically it experienced the process of‘increasing volatility-continuous decline-declining volatility’;spatially,an echelon declining pattern existed from the eastern region to the central region and then to the western region.The ecological welfare performance levels of Beijing,Hainan and Shanghai had always been in the forefront of the country,while those of Ningxia,Inner Mongolia and Liaoning had been in the bottom three for a long time.②From 2004 to 2017,there was noσconvergence trend in the ecological welfare performance of the whole country and the eastern,central and western regions.Among them,the coefficient of variation of the central and western regions in 2004-2017 maintained an overall growth trend,while the coefficient of variation of the national and eastern regions showed significant fluctuations during 2012-2017.③There was a significant absolute and conditionalβconvergence trend at the nationwide ecological welfare performance level.The conditional convergence rate was significantly higher than the absolute convergence rate,and the spatial factors had an accelerating effect on convergence.The degree of opening to the outside world,environmental regulations and industrial structure were the driving factors for improving the levels of ecological welfare performance

关 键 词：生态福利绩效 地区差距 收敛性 空间β收敛 

分 类 号：F062.1[经济管理—政治经济学]