孟子的人性世界——从人性的本质、内容、根据与价值指向的维度看  

Mencius’s Human World——From the Perspective of the Essence,Content,Basis and Value Orientation

作　　者：陆建华[1] Lu Jianhua

机构地区：[1]安徽大学哲学系,安徽合肥230039

出　　处：《河南社会科学》2021年第5期86-96,共11页Henan Social Sciences

基　　金：2019年度安徽省哲学社会科学规划项目“先秦儒家的人性世界——对‘性朴论’的反思”(AHSKY2019D108)。

摘　　要：孟子认为,人性是人先天具有的资质,这种资质又叫"良知""良能"。所以,从人性的本质上看,人性就是善的。人性的内容客观上是"德"和"欲",其中,"德"包括仁义礼智等,"欲"包括耳目鼻口等的感官欲望。但是,"德"才应该真正成为人性的内容。人性的内容之所以是"德",换言之,仁义礼智之所以内在于人,其因在于人性的内容"仁义礼智根于心"。人性的内容"仁义礼智根于心",是因为"心"由"仁"或曰仁义礼智所构成;"心"由仁义礼智所构成乃是天之所赋,又是"浩然之气"使然。从人性出发,顺性而为,即意味着从仁义礼智出发,由仁义之道而为,必然有利于他人与社会。在此意义上,人性善;人性善,而有的人的行为"恶",是因为违背人性而为,放逐其"心"。这就是孟子人性论的思路与内容。Mencius believes that human nature,also called conscience and good ability,is an innate qualification,which is good from its essence.Its objective content includes virtue and desire,with the former made up of benevolence,justice,courtesy and wisdom,and the latter composed of sensory desires.However,the true content of human nature should be virtue.In other words,the components of human nature are inherent in human beings because these components"benevolence,justice and etiquette are rooted in the heart",which is endowed by the heaven and dictated by the"awe-inspiring aura".Starting from and acting in accordance with human nature means starting from benevolence,justice,etiquette and wisdom,and acting by the way of benevolence and justice,which will inevitably benefit others and society.In this sense,human nature is good.Despite its good nature,some people’s behavior is"evil"because they violate human nature and banish their"heart."Such is the mentality and content of Mencius’s theory of human nature.

关 键 词：孟子 人性 善 心 气 

分 类 号：B2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]