不同地理来源饭豆种质生态适应性及表型分析  

Analysis of Ecological Adaptability and Phenotypes of Rice Bean Germplasm Resources from Different Geographical Sources

作　　者：张金涛 李建领 王素华[2] 陈红霖[2] 程须珍[2] 沙爱华[1] 王丽侠[2] ZHANG Jin-tao;LI Jian-ling;WANG Su-hua;CHEN Hong-lin;CHENG Xu-zhen;SHA Ai-hua;WANG Li-xia(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;College of Life Science,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院,荆州434025 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081 [3]长江大学生命科学学院,荆州434025

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2021年第3期674-683,共10页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-08)。

摘　　要：本研究分别在北京和海南对不同来源的276份饭豆种质资源进行了农艺性状的鉴定评价,以期为优异基因发掘及利用提供参考。结果表明,饭豆种质资源有较强的光温敏感性。276份种质资源中在北京能够开花结荚的有188份,在海南有271份;幼茎以紫色为主(91.67%),籽粒以黄白色(44.57%)和红色(32.97%)为主;大部分资源在北京蔓生(77.54%),在海南则半蔓生(63.77%)。数量性状在南北两地的比较分析发现,平均生育期、平均主茎分枝数、平均百粒重均以北京大于海南,而荚长和单荚粒数则相反。各性状在两地的平均变异系数由大到小依次为主茎分枝数(25.84%)、百粒重(25.34%)、荚长(16.78%)、单荚粒数(14.23%)、生育期(9.35%)。同一种质在低纬度种植时,生育期比在高纬度时短,主茎分枝数也会减少,而荚长、单荚粒数、百粒重等的分布并无显著的地理相关性。根据上述结果,分别筛选出47份早熟、直立、长荚、大粒的优异资源。本研究结果将为饭豆资源的研究利用提供参考,优异种质筛选则有助于饭豆种质创新及品种选育。Agronomic traits of 276 rice bean(Vigna umbellata(Thunb.) Ohwi& H. Ohashi) germplasm resources were evaluated in Beijing and Hainan,to provide information for new gene mining and utilization. The results showed that rice bean germplasm resources were highly sensitive to light and temperature. Among the 276 rice bean germplasms,188 flowered and set seed in Beijing,while 271 flowered and set seed in Hainan. Young stems of most of the rice beans were purple(91.67%). The seeds were mainly yellow(44.57%) or red(32.97%). A large part of the germplasms were twining in Beijing(77.54%) but semi-twining in Hainan(63.77%). Comparative analysis of quantitative traits showed that the growth period,number of branches on the main stem,and 100-seed weight were greater in Beijing than in Hainan,while pod length and number of seeds per pod were in reverse. The average coefficient of variation for each trait of the rice beans growing in the two locations,in decreasing order,was number of branches on main stem(25.84%),100-seed weight(25.34%),pod length(16.78%),number of seeds per pod(14.23%),and growth period(9.35%). The growth period and the number of branches on main stem of the same germplasm resources were less in lower latitude than in the higher latitude,while the length of pod,the number of seeds per pod and the 100-seed weightwere not notably correlated with the geographical locations. Finally,47 elite germplasms with early maturity,erect stems,long pod,or large seed were selected. The present study would provide information for further study on new gene mining and their application in breeding.

关 键 词：饭豆 种质资源 生态适应性 表型分析 

分 类 号：S643[农业科学—蔬菜学]