高光效基因工程育种研究进展及展望  

Research progress and prospect of high light-efficiency genetic engineering breeding

作　　者：乌兰 汤欣欣 胡孝明 朱华国 WU Lan;TANG Xin-xin;HU Xiao-ming;ZHU Hua-guo(College of Biology and Agricultural Resources,Huanggang Normal University,Huanggang 438000,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]黄冈师范学院生物与农业资源学院,湖北黄冈438000

出　　处：《黄冈师范学院学报》2021年第3期32-37,共6页Journal of Huanggang Normal University

基　　金：经济林种质改良及资源综合利用湖北省重点实验室及大别山特色资源开发湖北省协同创新中心开放基金项目(201931403);黄冈师范学院高级别培育项目重点项目(202001003);黄冈师范学院博士基金项目(2042019014)。

摘　　要：光合作用是地球上最重要的生命活动之一,植物的90%生物学产量直接来自于光合作用产生的有机化合物。本文回顾了C_( 3)植物高光效基因工程育种研究工作,重点介绍了C_( 3)碳同化途径的特点和Rubisco的修饰与改造,以及利用C_( 4)途径关键酶基因提高C_( 3)植物光合效率方面的研究进展。油茶作为主要的木本油料作物之一,营养物质需求巨大,具有CO_( 2)饱和点较低、补偿点较高,光合效率不高的C_( 3)植物特性。综述C_( 3)植物高光效基因工程育种研究进展,可为油茶高光效基因工程育种提供参考。Photosynthesis is one of the most important life activities on earth,and ninety percent of the biological yield of plants is directly derived from organic compounds produced by photosynthesis.This review focus on C_( 3) carbon assimilation pathway and the modification and transformation of Rubisco,as well as the research progress in the use of key enzyme genes of the C_( 4) pathway to improve the photosynthetic efficiency of C_( 3) plants.Camellia oleifera,as one of the main woody oil crops,has a large demand for nutrients,and shows C_( 3) plant photosynthetic characters,a low CO_( 2) saturation point,high compensation point and low photosynthetic efficiency.The research progress in high light efficiency genetic engineering breeding of C_( 3) plants was reviewed,which could provide reference for high light efficiency genetic engineering breeding of Camellia oleifera.

关 键 词：高光效育种 基因工程 C_(3)植物 RUBISCO C_(4)途径 油茶 

分 类 号：S-1[农业科学]