秘鲁早期现代化与劳动力困局——以劳工代理人制度为中心(1895—1930)  

Early Modernization and the Labour Dilemma in Peru:Based on the Hooking Labour System(1895-1930)

作　　者：王迪 WANG Di

机构地区：[1]上海大学文学院历史系,上海200444

出　　处：《经济社会史评论》2021年第2期113-124,127,共13页Economic and Social History Review

摘　　要：自19世纪末起,秘鲁文官主义政府开始执掌政权并实施以初级产品出口和基础设施建设为核心的现代化政策。为摆脱桎梏经济发展的劳动力短缺问题,各级政府官员、外国投资者和本国商人诉诸既具有封建强迫色彩又包含自由契约精神的劳工代理人网络以招募劳工。随着资本主义渗透的加强、小农经济的瓦解和劳动力供求关系的良性发展,劳工代理人制度褪去了奴役性特征,但未能避免陷入边缘化的困境。秘鲁早期现代化进程中劳工代理人制度的兴衰演变,也是该国社会封建经济式微和资本主义生产方式逐步确立的缩影。Since the end of the 19th century, Peruvian civilian government had taken power and implemented a modernization policy centered on the export of primary products and infrastructure construction. In order to get rid of the shortage of labour force which shackled economic development, government officials at all levels, foreign investors and domestic businessmen all resorted to the hooking labor system with both the color of feudal compulsion and the spirit of free contract to recruit labours. With the strengthening of capitalist infiltration, the collapse of the small peasant economy and the benign development of labour supply and demand, the hooking labor system had lost its slavery characteristics, but had failed to avoid the dilemma of marginalization. The rise and fall of the hooking labour system in the early modernization process of Peru is also the epitome of the decline of the feudal economy and the gradual establishment of the capitalist mode of production.

关 键 词：秘鲁早期现代化 劳工代理人制度 小农经济 资本主义生产方式 

分 类 号：F249.778[经济管理—劳动经济] K778[经济管理—国民经济]