我国家庭教育地方立法的经验与不足——兼评《中华人民共和国家庭教育法(草案)》  

The Experience and Deficiency of Local Legislation on Family Education in China--On Family Education Law(draft)

作　　者：刘丽[1] 邵彤 LIU Li;SHAO Tong(School of Law,Hunan Normal University,Changsha,Hunan 410081,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学法学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》2021年第3期46-54,共9页Journal of Educational Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：湖南省社会科学评审委员会项目“湖南省教育事权与支出责任研究”[XSP17YBZC124]

摘　　要：未成年人成为立法关照重点和家庭成员共同成长之间不可偏废。家庭教育立法需在家事立法和行政立法之间作出选择——即家庭教育法究竟是民事特别法还是家庭教育指导法和家庭教育保障法。国家权力过度介入家事私域,家庭教育的均质化未来或艰难可得,特殊化和多元化的家风家学涵养则势必严重流失。家庭教育具有独立的功能和价值,不是学校教育的延伸;宪法上的“家庭”是一个制度体,作为一项古老制度,家庭和国家相互构建但整体上又先于国家,“家”及其承载的历史传统和价值内核必须获得国家的制度保障。我国家庭教育国家立法的宪法依据应主要为我国《宪法》第49条;只有将未来的家庭教育法定位为促进型立法,才能避免国家立法和地方立法之间的法位阶的相互抵牾和衔接成本的严重增加;财政投入不能仅支持家庭教育的工作经费,立法应实现家庭教育立法和社会保障立法之间的制度衔接;特殊保障制度及其周遭社会环境之间张力的消弭是一项长期工作,二者之间的融通须有计划地稳步推进;未来的家庭教育法典中应将自主学习理念和学习权观念贯穿其中,以便促进我国(终身)学习型社会的健康发展。Minors become the focus of legislation and family members grow up together must be balanced,it also means that the family education legislation must choose between the family legislation and administrative legislation.Namely family education law is civil special law or family education guidance and security law.State power is excessively involved in the private domain of family affairs,the homogenization of family education may be difficult to obtain,the special and pluralistic family culture will be seriously lost in the future.Family education has independent function and value,it is not an extension of school education,“Family”in the text of constitution is an institution,“Family”and“state”construct each other as an ancient institution,but on the whole,“family”is prior to“state”.“Family”and its historical tradition and value core must be guaranteed by the state.Therefore,the constitutional basis of the national legislation on family education should mainly be Article 49 of the Constitution;Only by positioning the future family education law as promoting legislation can we avoid the contradiction between national legislation and local legislation and the serious increase of cohesion cost;The financial input should not only support the working funds of family education,and the legislation should realize the system connection between the family education legislation and the social security legislation;It is a long-term work to eliminate the tension between the special security system and its surrounding social environment,and the integration of systems must be carried out in a planned and steady way;The concept of independent learning and the right to study should be incorporated into family education law in the future,so as to promote the healthy development of the(lifelong)learning society in China.

关 键 词：家庭教育 家庭教育立法 家庭教育法 儿童 未成年人 

分 类 号：G40-0128[文化科学—教育学原理]