中国文化的早期生成及特质  

Early Formation and Characteristics of Chinese Culture

作　　者：刘怀荣 Liu Huairong(College of Liberal Arts,Journalism and Communication,Ocean University of China,Qingdao Shandong,266071)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学文学与新闻传播学院,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《山东师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第2期130-144,共15页Journal of Shandong Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“传统儒家伦理的当代嬗变及价值研究”(16BKS104);中国海洋大学中国传统文化研究中心规划项目“中国传统文化导论”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：考古学的研究表明,我国农业的萌芽期约在10000年前。到了距今5000年前后,农业在北方和南方都已成为社会经济的主体。适应农业社会生产和生活方式需求,这一时期已有了发达的宗族制度。农业文明和宗族制度共同孕育了血缘宗族伦理,三者相互支撑,持续发展,影响深远。进入西周后,周公立足孝道,制礼作乐,敬天倡德,超越了血缘宗族的狭隘范围,形成了周代礼乐文化。在此基础上,孔子的"仁学"立足"孝悌",以修身为起点,将宗族伦理发展为全社会的道德规范,确立了以个人道德内在自觉即内省为特点的修身之路,完成了上古文化"哲学的突破"和升华,从而为中国文化之后的发展奠定了基础。经孟子等儒家后学的持续推进,以人伦和教化为核心的儒家思想最终成为中国文化的主流,修身则为中国文化架设了通向未来的桥梁。Archaeological studies have shown that the budding period of Chinese agriculture started about 10,000 years ago, and around 5,000 years ago, agriculture became the mainstay of social economy in both the north and the south of China. In order to meet the needs of agricultural production and lifestyle, developed clan system was formed in this period. Agricultural civilization and clan system together bred kinship clan ethics, and the three supported each other and continued to develop, exercising far-reaching influence. In Western Zhou Dynasty, based on filial piety, Zhou Gong founded ritual and music, respected heaven and advocated virtue, which transcended the narrow scope of blood lineages and formed the Zhou Dynasty’s ritual and music culture. On this basis, Confucius based his "benevolence" on "filial piety", and then by taking self-cultivation as a starting point, developed the clan ethics into the moral norms of the whole society. He set up a path of self-cultivation characterized by the internal consciousness of personal morality, that is, introspection, completed the "philosophical breakthrough" and sublimation of ancient culture, and therefore, laid the foundation for the subsequent development of Chinese culture. With the continuous advancement of Mencius and other Confucians, Confucianism with human relations and education as the core eventually became the mainstream of Chinese culture, and self-cultivation became a bridge to the future for Chinese culture.

关 键 词：农业文明 宗族制度 宗族伦理 儒家思想 仁学 修身 

分 类 号：G09[文化科学]