贵州省典型铅锌矿区居民血液总汞和甲基汞暴露及健康风险模型预测评估  

Total Mercury and Methyl Mercury in Blood of Inhabitant and Their Associated Modelling Prediction Evaluation in Typical Lead-Zinc Mining Region,Guizhou Province,China

作　　者：孔林 刘杰民[2] 韦艳 许志东 安仕刚 吴梅 刘刚 徐晓航 仇广乐[3] KONG Lin;LIU Jiemin;WEI Yan;XU Zhidong;AN Shigang;WU Mei;LIU Gang;XU Xiaohang;QIU Guangle(Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control,Ministry of Education,School of Public Health,Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang 550025,China;Guizhou Provincial People′s Hospital,Guiyang 550002,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry,Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guiyang 550081,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Guizhou Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guiyang 550001,China;The First People′s Hospital of Bijie City,Bijie 551700,China;Hezhang County People′s Hospital,Bijie 553200,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州医科大学公共卫生学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州省人民医院,贵州贵阳550002 [3]中国科学院地球化学研究所,环境地球化学国家重点实验室,贵州贵阳550081 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [5]贵州省中医院,贵州贵阳550001 [6]毕节市第一人民医院,贵州毕节551700 [7]赫章县人民医院,贵州毕节553200

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2021年第6期1499-1508,共10页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.81560515,82060850)。

摘　　要：汞是铅锌矿石的常见伴生元素,铅锌冶炼活动会给当地居民带来潜在汞暴露风险.为了解铅锌矿区居民血液汞暴露及健康风险,选择贵州省赫章县为研究区域,以贵阳市为对照区,分别采集居民血液样品418和118份,利用冷原子荧光法测定其总汞和甲基汞含量,结合年龄和性别分析血液总汞与甲基汞含量特征,估算育龄期妇女头发甲基汞含量并进行甲基汞暴露致新生儿IQ (智商)损失评估,利用单区室PBPK (生理药代动力学)模型预测居民甲基汞ADI (日均摄入量).结果表明:(1)铅锌矿区(赫章县)和对照区居民血液总汞含量几何均值分别为(3.11±5.05)和(1.83±1.19)μg/L,范围分别为0.63~54.26和0.46~11.88μg/L,分别有21.5%和0.85%的血液样本总汞含量超过人体血液总汞安全限值(5.8μg/L).(2)铅锌矿区成年居民和0~6岁儿童血液总汞含量分别为(2.80±3.85)和(2.49±2.08)μg/L,分别有77和7人血液总汞含量超过5.8μg/L,超标率分别为24.37%和10.61%,存在潜在总汞暴露风险.(3)斯皮尔曼相关性分析显示,铅锌矿区居民血液总汞和甲基汞含量分别与年龄(R=0.108,P<0.05)和性别(R=-0.185,P<0.05)相关,老年人较其他年龄段人群总汞暴露的风险更高,其血液总汞含量达(5.29±5.03)μg/L;男性血液甲基汞含量[(0.24±0.32)μg/L]高于女性[(0.18±0.22)μg/L].(4)蒙特卡洛模型模拟结果显示,铅锌矿区和对照区育龄妇女头发甲基汞平均含量分别为(0.07±0.11)和(0.11±0.13)mg/kg,范围分别为0~11.81和0~5.74 mg/kg,其中铅锌矿区2.27%的育龄期妇女头发甲基汞含量超过发汞临界值(0.58 mg/kg),导致IQ评分为70~70.18分范围内的约0.05%的婴儿从IQ正常转变为MMR (轻度智力低下).(5)单区室PBPK模型预测表明,铅锌矿区和对照区居民甲基汞日均摄入量分别为(0.005±0.006)和(0.007±0.008)μg/kg,分别有0.082%和0.013%的居民甲基汞日均摄入量超过RfD (参考剂量值,0.1μg/kg).研究显示:铅锌矿区成年�Mercury(Hg)is a common element in lead-zinc ores.Lead-zinc smelting activities cause potential Hg exposure risks to the local residents.To understand the blood Hg exposure of residents in typical lead-zinc mining area in Hezhang County and in the control area in Guiyang City,approximately 418 and 118 blood samples were collected.Total mercury(THg)and methylmercury(MeHg)were determined using cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry(CVAFS).Based on the estimated MeHg concentration in the hair of childbearing age women,assessment of newborns IQ loss related to prenatal MeHg exposure was conducted.At the same time,single-compartment pharmacokinetic(PBPK)model was employed for predicting residents′average daily intake(ADI)of MeHg.The results indicated:(1)The geometric mean values of blood THg in the lead-zinc mining and control areas were(3.11±5.05)and(1.83±1.19)μg/L,and the ranges were 0.63-54.26 and 0.46-11.88μg/L,respectively.These values exceeded the safety limit of 5.8μg L in human blood by approximately 21.5%and 0.85%,respectively.(2)The blood THg of adults and children aged 0~6 in the lead-zinc mining area was(2.80±3.85)and(2.49±2.08)μg/L,respectively,of which 77(24.37%)and 7(10.61%)people exceeded 5.8μg L.The exceeding rate was 24.37%and 10.61%,respectively,implying a potential exposure risk.(3)Spearman′s correlation analysis showed that blood THg and MeHg in the lead-zinc mining area were significantly correlated with age(R=0.108,P<0.05)and gender(R=-0.185,P<0.05).Compared with other age groups,the elderly with an average THg of(5.29±5.03)μg/L was at the greatest risk of THg exposure in the lead-zinc mining area.The MeHg concentration in the blood men was(0.24±0.32)μg/L,which was higher than the concentration of(0.18±0.22)μg/L in women.(4)Monte Carlo simulation result showed that the average women hair MeHg concentrations of childbearing age in the lead-zinc mining and the control areas were(0.07±0.11)and(0.11±0.13)mg/kg,and the range were 0-11.81 and 0-5.74 mg/kg,respectively,with app

关 键 词：总汞和甲基汞 血液 智商损失 单区室PBPK(生理药代动力学)模型 铅锌矿区 

分 类 号：X24[环境科学与工程—环境科学]