主观精神、世界二重化和等级制--马克思批判柏拉图哲学的三重维度  

Subjective Spirit,The Dualization of the World and Hierarchy--The Triple Dimensions of Marx’s Criticism of Platonic Philosophy

作　　者：胡志刚 HU Zhigang(Party School of the Guangdong Provincial Committee of CPC,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510053 China)

机构地区：[1]中共广东省委党校,广东广州510053

出　　处：《内蒙古师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第2期15-22,共8页Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划项目“坚持马克思主义在意识形态领域指导地位的根本制度研究”(GD20ZD08)研究成果之一。

摘　　要：马克思对柏拉图的主观精神成为独立于实体生活这一事实进行了批判,认为主观精神只能基于实体生活之上,认为柏拉图从应有和目的层面解释世界,实现了对实体生活的扭曲=马克思认为柏拉图的主观精神是为了论证世界二重化的合理性,世界二重化贬低和亵渎了自然和现象,实质上意味着同实体生活决裂。在马克思看来,柏拉图的世界二重化是为其等级制服务的,以知识作为衡量标准的等级制和基于天赋之上的社会分工紧密关联,马克思把柏拉图的分工理论看成是被雅典式地理想化了的埃及种姓制度。马克思反对柏拉图等级制的设想,是为了说明民主制的合理性,只有国家制度被设定为人民自己的作品,公民的政治独立性才能得到充分尊重和认可。Marx criticized the fact that Plato make the subjective spirit break away from the real life,and believed that the subjective spirit could only be based on the real life.He thought that Plato interpreted the world from the perspective of ought to be and purpose,which distorted the real life.Marx believed that Plato's subjective spirit was to demonstrate the rationality of the dualization of the world,which belittles and blasphemes nature and phenomena,it essentially means break with the real life.In Marx’s opinion,Plato’s dualization of the world as a service to his hierarchy,the hierarchy measured by knowledge and a social division of labor based on talent.Marx regarded Plato*s division of labor as an Athenian idealization of the Egyptian caste system.Marx opposed Plato’s assumption of hierarchy in order to explain the rationality of democracy.Only when the state system is set as the work of the people,then the political independence of the citizens can be fully respected and recognized.

关 键 词：马克思 柏拉图 主观精神 世界二重化 等级制 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]