库布齐沙漠人工防护林林下枯落物及土壤水文效应研究  

Study on Litter and Soil Hydrological Effects of Artificial Understor Shelterbelts in Kubuqi Desert

作　　者：王涛 蒙仲举 党晓宏 李浩年 付东升 赵飞燕 杨圃畅 WANG Tao;MENG Zhongju;DANG Xiaohong;LI Haonian;FU Dongsheng;ZHAO Feiyan;YANG Puchang(College of Desert Control Science and Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2021年第4期700-707,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技重大专项课题“沙区生态光伏电场防沙治沙关键技术与示范”(zdzx2018058-3);内蒙古自治区科技创新引导基金项目“沙区光伏电场生态沙产业技术研发与示范”。

摘　　要：在库布齐沙漠东北缘采用样地调查和室内浸泡法对库布齐沙漠防风固沙林林下枯落物及土壤层水文效应进行了初步研究,比较分析不同防风固沙林下枯落物及土壤的水文差异,以期为库布齐沙漠防护林的建设与养护提供参考。研究发现,杨树(Populus popular)林的枯落物蓄积量高于同期沙柳(Salix psammophila)林、沙枣(Elaeagnus angustifolia)林及樟子松(Pinus sylvestris)林,杨树林枯落物覆盖下的土壤容重、持水量、孔隙度等物理性状与其他3种林分相比变化显著。不同林龄的4种防风固沙林林下枯落物的厚度介于0.70—2.10 cm,枯落物蓄积量介于7.71—34.37 t·hm^(−2),最大持水量总和介于20.86—59.59 t·hm^(−2),最大拦蓄量总和介于19.27—45.23 t·hm^(−2),有效拦蓄量总和介于16.14—36.29 t·hm^(−2),自然含水率介于19.44%—87.15%。枯落物下土壤容重介于1.44—1.50 g·cm^(−3),土壤最大持水量介于228.80—284.59 g·kg^(−1),土壤总孔隙度介于37.30%—45.08%。回归分析表明,枯落物持水量与浸水时间符合关系式Q=alnt+b,相关系数R^(2)均大于0.881;吸水速率与浸水时间符合关系式V=ktn,相关系数R^(2)均大于0.986。通过对研究区枯落物水文功能参数与土壤性质进行相关分析发现,枯落物的水文功能参数对土壤容重及土壤总孔隙度的影响作用较大。综合研究发现在同林龄不同林分的防护林中,杨树林枯落物的水源涵养能力优于其他3种林分。To estimated hydrological differences of litter and soil under different wind-breaking and sand-fixing forests,the soil sample survey and indoor soaking method were used to study on litter and soil hydrological effects of artificial shelterbelts on the northeast edge of Kubuqi Desert.This study of litter and soil hydrological effects of artificial shelterbelts was studied in order to guid the construction and maintenance of shelter forest in Kubuqi Desert.The results showed that the litter accumulation of Populus popular forest was higher than Salix psammophila forest,Elaeagnus angustifolia forest and Pinus sylvestris forest in the same period,and compared with the other three forests,the physical properties of soil bulk density,water holding capacity,and porosity under the cover of poplar forest litter changed significantly.The thickness of litter in four types of windbreak and sand-fixing forests of different ages ranged from 0.7 to 2.1 cm,the accumulations of litter ranged from 7.71 to 34.37 t·hm^(−2),the maximum water capacity ranged from 20.86 to 59.59 t·hm^(−2),the range of to-tal maximum storage was 19.27–45.23 t·hm^(−2),the range of total effective storage was 16.14–36.29 t·hm^(−2),The natural moisture content ranged from 19.44%to 87.15%.The soil bulk density under litter range from 1.44 to 1.50 g·cm^(−3),the maximum water capacity of the soil was 228.8–284.59 g·kg^(−1),soil total capillary porosity was 37.30%–45.08%.The relationship between water-holding capacity and soaking time fitted well with equation as Q=alnt+b,with correlation coefficient(R^(2))greater than 0.881;the relationship between water absorption rate and soaking time fitted well with equation as Q=alnt+b,with correlation coefficient(R^(2))greater than 0.986.Through correlation analysis of litter hydrological function parameters and soil properties in the study area,it was found that the hydrological function parameters of litter had a greater impact on soil bulk density and total soil porosity.In conclusion,among

关 键 词：库布齐沙漠 人工林 枯落物 土壤物理性质 

分 类 号：S714.7[农业科学—林学] X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]