不同品种河流型水牛乳成分分析及季节对乳成分的影响  

Analysis of milk composition of different breeds of river buffalo and the influence of season on milk composition

作　　者：曾令湖 莫乃国[1] 李辉[1] 黄健[1] 谭正准[1] 于农淇 程隽如 卢瑛 黄加祥[1] 李舒露[1] 覃广胜[1] ZENG Linghu;MO Naiguo;LI Hui;HUANG Jian;TAN Zhengzhun;YU Nongqi;CHENG Junru;LU Ying;HUANG Jiaxiang;LI Shulu;QIN Guangsheng(Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院广西水牛研究所,南宁530001

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2021年第10期135-138,共4页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：广西科技计划项目(桂科AD19259009;桂科AB16380040);亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室开放课题(SKLCUSA-b201814)。

摘　　要：为了解河流型水牛不同品种乳成分的差异、乳成分之间的相关性以及季节对乳成分的影响,试验不同季节采集来自中国农业科学院广西水牛研究所种畜场的尼里-拉菲水牛、摩拉水牛和地中海水牛的生鲜乳691份,用FOSS多功能乳成分分析仪对乳蛋白、乳脂肪、乳糖及非脂乳固体含量进行测定,计算乳蛋白率、乳脂率、乳糖率及非脂乳固体率,利用SPSS 19.0软件单因素方差分析中的同质性检验对河流型水牛不同品种和不同季节的乳成分进行分析,运用双变量相关中的Pearson相关分析(双侧)对各乳成分进行相关性分析。结果表明:摩拉水牛的乳蛋白率、乳脂率和非脂乳固体率最高,显著高于其他两个品种(P<0.05);地中海水牛次之,其乳蛋白率显著高于尼里-拉菲水牛(P<0.05),乳脂率和非脂乳固体率与尼里-拉菲水牛差异不显著(P>0.05);乳糖率最高的是尼里-拉菲水牛,摩拉次之,最低为地中海水牛,三者之间差异显著(P<0.05)。季节对各乳成分均有不同程度的影响,春季乳蛋白率显著低于夏季和冬季(P<0.05),乳脂率显著高于秋季和冬季(P<0.05),秋季乳脂率最低;夏季乳糖率显著高于春季(P<0.05);冬季非脂乳固体率显著高于夏季(P<0.05)。乳蛋白率、乳脂率、乳糖率三者之间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);非脂乳固体率与乳蛋白率呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),相关系数为0.59。说明应根据季节性变化并结合自身营养需求且在把控其他影响乳成分因素的同时,及时调整饮水及精粗料的搭配,从而保证牛乳的质量。The purpose of this study was to understand the difference of milk composition among different breeds of river buffalo and the correlation between milk composition and the influence of season on milk composition.A total of 691 raw milk samples of Nili-Ravi,Murrah and Mediterranean buffalo were collected in different seasons from the breeding farm of Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.The milk components,such as milk protein,milk fat,lactose and non-fat milk solid content,were determined by FOSS multifunctional milk component analyzer.Milk protein rate,milk fat rate,lactose rate and non-fat milk solid rate were calculated.The homogeneity test in One-Way ANOVA with SPSS 19.0 software was used to analyze the milk composition of river buffalo in different breeds and different seasons,and Pearson correlation analysis(bilateral)in bivariate correlation was used to analyze the correlation of each milk component.The results showed that the milk protein rate,milk fat rate and non-fat milk solid rate of the Murrah buffalo were the highest,significantly higher than those of the other two breeds(P<0.05),followed by Mediterranean buffalo,milk protein rate was significantly higher than that of Nili-Ravi buffalo(P<0.05),but there were no significant differences in milk fat rate and non-fat milk solid rate between Murrah buffalo and Nili-Ravi buffalo(P>0.05).The lactose rate was the highest among Nili-Ravi buffalo,followed by Murrah buffalo,and the lowest among Mediterranean buffalo,with significant differences among the three groups(P<0.05).Seasons had different effects on the milk components.The milk protein rate in spring was significantly lower than that in summer and winter(P<0.05),and the milk fat rate in spring was significantly higher than that in autumn and winter(P<0.05),and the milk fat rate in autumn was the lowest.The lactose rate in summer was significantly higher than that in spring(P<0.05).The solid rate of non-fat milk in winter was significantly higher than that in summe

关 键 词：河流型水牛 乳成分 相关性分析 季节 显著性分析 

分 类 号：S823.83[农业科学—畜牧学]